Muscular system

Question 1

What muscles are on the wrists?

Answer 1

wrist flexors

Wrist extensors

Question 2

What muscles are on the elbow?

Answer 2

Bicep Brachii & Tricep Brachii

Question 3

What muscles are on the Shoulder?

Answer 3

Deltoid

- Latissimus dorsi

		  - Pectoralis major

Question 4

What muscles are on the Spine?

Answer 4

Rectus abdominals
Erector spinae group
External obliques
Internal obliques

Question 5

What muscles are on the Hip?

Answer 5

illiopsoas
Glueteus maximus
Gluteus medius & minimus
Adductor group

Question 6

What muscles are on the Knee?

Answer 6

hamstrings
Semitendinosus
Bicep femoris

Question 7

What muscles are on the Ankle?

Answer 7

Tibialis anterior

	 - Gastrocnemius
	 - Soleus

Question 8

What is the Origin?

Answer 8

Point of attachment of a muscle that remains fixed during muscle contraction

Question 9

What is Antagonistic muscle action?

Answer 9

As one muscle shortens to produce movement the other muscle lengthens

Question 10

What is Agonist muscle?

What is Antagonist muscle?

Answer 10

The muscle responsible for movement at a joint

The muscle that has an action opposite to that of the agonist

Question 11

What is a Fixator?

Answer 11

A muscle that stabilises one part of the body whilst another causes movement.

E.g. The rotator cuff muscles are the ‘fixator’ during a bicep curl.

Question 12

Describe the sagittal plane

Answer 12

The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.

Question 13

Describe the frontal plane

Answer 13

The frontal plane is also a vertical plane but this divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior).

Question 14

Describe the transverse plane

Answer 14

The transverse plane is a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves.

Question 15

What is adduction and abduction?

Answer 15

Adduction- Movement towards the midline of the body

Abduction- Movement away the midline of the body ‘abduct’

Question 16

What is circumduction?

Answer 16

Circumduction- A movement of a body part that outlines a cone. It consists of a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.

Question 17

How do muscles contract?

Answer 17

A skeletal muscles (muscles attached to the skeleton) can only contract when stimulated by an electrical impulse sent from the Central Nervous System (CNS).

Question 18

What does the Cerebellum control?

Answer 18

Controls all of our muscle contractions

Question 19

How does a motor unit work?

Answer 19

1) Cell generates and impulse
2) Impulse pass down the neuron
3) Impulse arrives at motor end plates
4) Muscle fibres contract

Question 20

What has to be big enough and above threshold for a muscular contraction to be created?

Answer 20

If action potential is big enough and the electrical charge is above threshold, a muscle contraction is created.

Question 21

How do you create a muscle contraction?

Answer 21

Impulse sent by the cell body in the cerebellum

Action potential (Impulse) sent down the neuron/nerve to the motor end plates

Neurotransmitter called Acetylcholine flows into the synaptic Cleft

If action potential is big enough and the electrical charge is above threshold, a muscle contraction is created.

This happens in an ‘all or none’ law

Question 22

What is the All or None Law?

Answer 22

If the action potential does not reach the threshold charge, NONE of the muscle fibres will contract