Strains + Sprains

Question 1

What is a sprain?

Answer 1

an overstretch injury to a ligament

Question 2

What is a musculotendinous unit?

Answer 2

the muscle, its tendons, their osseous attachments and the musculotendinous junction

Question 3

Which type of contraction produces greater forces in a muscle and predisposes the muscle to injury?

Answer 3

eccentric contraction

Question 4

What are three possible scenarios where a MTU can experience a strain?

Answer 4

sudden overstretching of the muscle

or

extreme contraction of the muscle against heavy resistance

or

chronic muscle overuse

Question 5

Tendons are prone to partial or complete rupture in which area?

Answer 5

the area of least blood supply - either in the center of the tendon or at the MTJ

Question 6

Why is it important to seek medical attention for a grade 3 strain before the chronic stage?

Answer 6

by chronic stage, the ends of a torn tissue fibrose and make surgical repair difficult!

Question 7

What is a grade 4 strain?

Answer 7

a complete rupture of a tendon that also causes an avulsion fracture

Question 8

In which level of strain will the muscle likely bunch up in spasmodic contractions?

Answer 8

grade 3

Question 9

In a grade _ strain, pain will be immediate but disability will be noted the next day

Answer 9

grade 2

Question 10

In a grade _ strain, the person will not be able to continue the interrupted activity

Answer 10

3 or 4

Question 11

A period of total inactivity following a strain will lead to…

Answer 11

mm shortening and disuse atrophy

Question 12

What percentage of fibres is torn/affected in a grade 1 strain?

Answer 12

1-10%

Question 13

What percentage of fibres is torn/affected in a grade 2 strain?

Answer 13

11-99%

Question 14

What percentage of fibres is torn/affected in a grade 3 strain?

Answer 14

100%

Question 15

How soon would someone be able to return to activity after a grade 1 muscle strain?

Answer 15

with support after 2 days

Question 16

How soon would someone be able to return to activity after a grade 2 muscle strain?

Answer 16

a few days to several weeks

Question 17

How soon would someone be able to return to activity after a grade 3 mm strain?

Answer 17

immobilization is usually for 4-8 weeks, then return to activity may be delayed d/t disuse atrophy

Question 18

Why are the hamstrings, quads, and gastrocs common areas of muscle strain injury?

Answer 18

these muscles all cross two joints, making them subject to increased stress

Question 19

What movements are the most common cause of mm strain in the low back?

Answer 19

lifting and twisting

Question 20

Strains to the gastrocs usually occur in which part of the muscle, doing what action?

Answer 20

at the MTJ

when contracting muscle while it’s in a maximally lengthened position

Question 21

What muscle(s) experiences the most common strain of the lower extremity?

Answer 21

hamstrings

Question 22

What are the contraindications for treating muscle strains?

Answer 22

do not remove protective mm splitting in acute

no distal circulatory techniq. in acute/early subacute

no hot hydro proximal to casted body part

no frictions if client taking anti-inflammatories or blood thinners

no remex in acute stage for grade 2/3

Question 23

What ligament does NOT technically join two bones together? How can it become sprained?

Answer 23

the transverse ligament of the humerus (holds biceps tendon in place)

when the biceps tendon is dislocated

Question 24

What are the two most commonly sprained ligaments in the ankle?

Answer 24

anterior talofibular ligament

calcaneofibular ligament

Question 25

What is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee?

Answer 25

MCL

Question 26

What percentage of ankle sprains involve an eversion sprain?

Answer 26

Up to 10%

Question 27

If the femur is forced posteriorly, what ligament will most likely be damaged?

Answer 27

ACL

Question 28

If the tibia is forced anteriorly, which ligament will most likely be damaged?

Answer 28

ACL

Question 29

What is the unhappy triad?

Answer 29

ACL, MCL and meniscus injury

Question 30

A grade 1 sprain can see return to activity after…

Answer 30

4-5 days

Question 31

A grade 2 sprain can see return to activity after…

Answer 31

7-14 days

Question 32

A grade 3 sprain can see return to activity after…

Answer 32

6-8 weeks of immobilization but it may take up to 6 months to fully return to prior activities

Question 33

Painless hypermobility may be seen in what direction in the case of a 3rd degree sprain?

Answer 33

the direction the sprained ligament is intended to check

Question 34

Excessive displacement of the tibia anteriorly would be a positive result for what test? What would it indicate?

Answer 34

anterior drawer test/sign

damaged ACL

Question 35

Excessive displacement of the tibia posteriorly would be a positive result for what test? What would it indicate?

Answer 35

posterior drawer test/sign

damaged PCL

Question 36

What is THE most commonly sprained ligament in the ankle?

Answer 36

ATFL

Question 37

What is the main diagnostic difference between a grade 1 and grade 2 sprain?

Answer 37

a snapping sound

Question 38

If a contractile tissue is damaged, which ROM will be affected? What are the 3 contractile tissues?

Answer 38

aROM + rROM

muscle, tendon, fascia

Question 39

If there is damage to ligaments, which ROM will be affected?

Answer 39

aROM, pROM that cause stretching of the ligament

rROM will likely not be painful

Question 40

A high ankle sprain refers to ligaments where?

Answer 40

above the ankle itself from twisting of the tibia and fibula