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iGCSE Biology > Story of us Part 1 > Flashcards

Story of us Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is the role of DNA?

A

store genetic information and control cell activities

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3
Q

How is DNA stored in eukaryotes?

A

linear chromosomes

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4
Q

How is DNA stored in prokaryoytes?

A

circular chromosome and plasmids

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5
Q

What shape is DNA?

A

double helix

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6
Q

What is DNA made of?

A

nucleotides

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7
Q

What are nucleotides made of?

A

sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

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8
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases making up nucleotides?

A

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

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9
Q

How are nucleotides joined together?

A

covalent bonds

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10
Q

What is the covalent bond of nucleotides between?

A

sugar and phosphate

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11
Q

What does the covalent bond between the sugar and phosphate bases make?

A

sugar phosphate backbone

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12
Q

What is the sugar phosphate backbone made of?

A

covalent bond between sugar base and phosphate base

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13
Q

What is Adenine paired with?

A

Thymine

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14
Q

What is Thymine paired with?

A

Adenine

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15
Q

What is Guanine paired with?

A

Cytosine

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16
Q

What is Cytosine paired with?

A

Guanine

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17
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

ribonucleic acid

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18
Q

How are RNA nucleotides joined together?

A

form a single strand

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19
Q

How are the nucleotides joined together in RNA?

A

covalent bond between sugar base and phosphate base

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20
Q

How is RNA different to DNA with strands?

A

RNA is single stranded

21
Q

How is RNA different to DNA with the type of sugar?

A

RNA is ribonucleic
DNA is deoxyribonucleic

22
Q

How is RNA different to DNA with bases?

A

RNA has uracil instead of thymine

23
Q

Where is messenger RNA formed?

A

nucleus of cell

24
Q

Where is transfer RNA found?

A

cytoplasm

25
Q

What is the role of messenger RNA?

A

copies sequences of bases in transcription

26
Q

What is the role of transfer RNA?

A

picks up amino acids from from cytoplasm to form protein in translation

27
Q

What is a gene?

A

part of DNA that codes for protein

28
Q

What is every three bases called?

A

codon

29
Q

What is an allele?

A

version of gene coding for different protein

30
Q

What is a genome?

A

copy of all organisms DNA

31
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

contains two copies of 23 chromosomes

32
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

contains one copy of 23 chromosomes

33
Q

What types of genetic variation are there?

A

genetic, environmental, both

34
Q

What does genetic variation mean?

A

different versions of genes

35
Q

What does environmental variation mean?

A

environment affects development

36
Q

What are the two types of variations?

A

continuous and discontinuous

37
Q

What does continuous variation mean?

A

smooth range

38
Q

What does discontinuous variation mean?

A

specific categories

39
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

both chromsomes have same allele

40
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

only needs one allele present to be expressed

41
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

needs both alleles present to be expressed

42
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

both contain one of each allele

43
Q

What is a genotype?

A

combination of 2 alleles possessed by an individual

44
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

physical characteristics decided by 2 alleles

45
Q

What is monogenic inheritance?

A

characteristic controlled by single gene

46
Q

What is polygenic inheritance?

A

characteristic controlled by multiple genes

47
Q

What is sex determination in humans?

A

50:50

48
Q

What does codominance mean?

A

three possible phenotypes due to combination of two alleles

49
Q
A

iGCSE Biology (21 decks)

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