Story of us Part 1 Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the role of DNA?
store genetic information and control cell activities
How is DNA stored in eukaryotes?
linear chromosomes
How is DNA stored in prokaryoytes?
circular chromosome and plasmids
What shape is DNA?
double helix
What is DNA made of?
nucleotides
What are nucleotides made of?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
What are the four nitrogenous bases making up nucleotides?
Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine
How are nucleotides joined together?
covalent bonds
What is the covalent bond of nucleotides between?
sugar and phosphate
What does the covalent bond between the sugar and phosphate bases make?
sugar phosphate backbone
What is the sugar phosphate backbone made of?
covalent bond between sugar base and phosphate base
What is Adenine paired with?
Thymine
What is Thymine paired with?
Adenine
What is Guanine paired with?
Cytosine
What is Cytosine paired with?
Guanine
What does RNA stand for?
ribonucleic acid
How are RNA nucleotides joined together?
form a single strand
How are the nucleotides joined together in RNA?
covalent bond between sugar base and phosphate base
How is RNA different to DNA with strands?
RNA is single stranded
How is RNA different to DNA with the type of sugar?
RNA is ribonucleic
DNA is deoxyribonucleic
How is RNA different to DNA with bases?
RNA has uracil instead of thymine
Where is messenger RNA formed?
nucleus of cell
Where is transfer RNA found?
cytoplasm
What is the role of messenger RNA?
copies sequences of bases in transcription
What is the role of transfer RNA?
picks up amino acids from from cytoplasm to form protein in translation
What is a gene?
part of DNA that codes for protein
What is every three bases called?
codon
What is an allele?
version of gene coding for different protein
What is a genome?
copy of all organisms DNA
What is a diploid cell?
contains two copies of 23 chromosomes
What is a haploid cell?
contains one copy of 23 chromosomes
What types of genetic variation are there?
genetic, environmental, both
What does genetic variation mean?
different versions of genes
What does environmental variation mean?
environment affects development
What are the two types of variations?
continuous and discontinuous
What does continuous variation mean?
smooth range
What does discontinuous variation mean?
specific categories
What does homozygous mean?
both chromsomes have same allele
What is a dominant allele?
only needs one allele present to be expressed
What is a recessive allele?
needs both alleles present to be expressed
What does heterozygous mean?
both contain one of each allele
What is a genotype?
combination of 2 alleles possessed by an individual
What is a phenotype?
physical characteristics decided by 2 alleles
What is monogenic inheritance?
characteristic controlled by single gene
What is polygenic inheritance?
characteristic controlled by multiple genes
What is sex determination in humans?
50:50
What does codominance mean?
three possible phenotypes due to combination of two alleles