Nature and variety of living organisms Flashcards
What is a cell?
all of organisms have
made up of organelles
What is an eukaryotic cell?
contain a nucleus
What defines an animal?
multicellular, do not photosynthesize, no cell walls, and store their carbohydrates as glycogen
What defines plants?
multicellular, cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, contain cell walls and store carbohydrates as starch
What defines fungi?
no chloroplasts, no photosynthesis, feed via saprotrophic nutrition, composed of mycelium which consists of many hyphae , can be multi and unicellular, contain cell walls and plasmids
What defines protoctists?
microscopic, single celled organisms
What defines a prokaryotic cell?
a cell found under bacteria kingdom that does not contain a nucleus
What defines a bacteria?
single celled, prokaryotic organisms(no nucleus), contains a cell wall and plasmids
What defines a virus?
a non-living organism that can only reproduce in host cells (parasitic)
no cells
protein coat and nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
What does unicellular mean?
an organism made up of single cell
What are amoeba?
protoctists that live in pond water and resemble animal cells with chloroplasts
What is a chlorella?
a protoctist that has features similar to plant cells e.g. chloroplasts
What is a chloroplast?
site of photosynthesis
What is DNA?
a double stranded molecule made of nucleotides, wound in a double helix shape, carrying genetic code
What is hyphae?
long filaments of a fungus that contain many nuclei
What is lactobacillus bulgaricus?
a rod-shaped bacteria, used to produce yoghurt from milk
What characteristics defines an organism as living?
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Homeostasis
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
What is mucor?
a multicellular fungus that has many hyphae
What does multicellular mean?
organism made of more than one cell
What is mycelium?
thread-like hyphae in fungus
What are pathogens?
microorganisms
cause disease to its host
What is photosynthesis?
energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light to produce glucose
What are plasmids?
loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
What is plasmodium?
pathogenic protoctista cause malaria
What is pneumococcus?
spherical, pathogenic that causes pneumonia
What is saprotrophic nutrition?
the mode of extracellular nutrition in which digestive enzymes are secreted onto the food outside the cell and the products of digestion are absorbed
What is yeast?
a single celled fungus
What is tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?
a plant pathogen which produces a mosaic pattern on leaves, infecting chloroplasts and limiting plant growth
Describe the structure of DNA
a double stranded molecule made of nucleotides
double helix shape
What does DNA carry?
genetic code
