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Cognitive Linguistic Development Final > Story Grammar Elements > Flashcards

Story Grammar Elements Flashcards

1
Q

Setting (S)

A

introduces the main characters, the protagonist, and the context of time and place

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2
Q

Initiating event (IE)

A

the occurrence that influences the main character to action. May be a natural event, an action, or an internal event, such as a thought, perception, or wish

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3
Q

Internal Response (IR)

A

indicates the thoughts and feelings of the main character in response to the initiating event; it may include an interpretation of the event, formulation of a goal, or some other response

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4
Q

Plan (P)

A

indicates the intended action of the main character (some resources refer to this as the “internal plan”)

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5
Q

Attempt (A)

A

indicates the actions of the main character in pursuit of the goal. Sometimes also called “Action”.

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6
Q

Consequence (C)

A

indicates the achievement or non-achievement of the main character’s goal, as well as any other events or states that might result from the attempt (Some resources refer to this as “Direct Consequence”)

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7
Q

Reaction (R)

A

includes any emotional or evaluative responses of the main characters to the preceding chain of events (Some resources refer to this as “Resolution”)

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8
Q

Ending (E)

A

a sentence or phrase that clearly states that the story is over

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9
Q

Story = ___________________

A

Setting + episodic structure

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10
Q

Episode = ____________________

A

Initiating event + Internal Response + Plan + Attempt + Consequence + Reaction

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11
Q

Types of Genre

A

Recounts, Accounts, Eventcasts, Scripts, Fictionalized Narratives (Stories)

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12
Q

Recounts are….

A

Elicited factual reports of past events
“Tell grandma about our trip to the zoo”

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13
Q

Accounts (personal narratives) are…

A

Spontaneously produced verbalizations about past events
“ Daddy! Daddy! We went to the zoo!”

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14
Q

Eventcasts are…

A

Descriptions of on-going or anticipated events
“Lebron dribbles down the court and he shoots and he scores and the crowd goes wild…”

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15
Q

Scripts are….

A

General descriptions of typical event
“make up a story about a birthday party”
Fictionalized Narratives (Stories)

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16
Q

Points of Interest: Cross Cultural Studies

A

Shirley Brice Heath

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17
Q

Heath noted differences in _________

A

White working class and African American families

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18
Q

SAE stories are ________

A

topic centered

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19
Q

AAE stories are

A

topic associative, especially stories told by girls.

Multiple topics somehow related are woven together in a way that is very different than typical SAE structure

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20
Q

Macrostructure is…

A

The skeleton of the story, the framework

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21
Q

Microstructure includes…

A

Cohesion (lexical level), Conjunctions, pronouns, and sentence structure

22
Q

Not all structural patterns include _________

A

episodes

23
Q

Descriptive sequences do not include episodes but rather __________

A

contain multiple statements of setting

24
Q

Descriptive sequence ex

A

“The three little pigs. There’s the first pig. And straw. Second pig. He’s got sticks. And the third pig. Big bad wolf in a fire. The end.”

Discusses the sequence of what is going on! All this does is describe the pictures, it is not a story.

25
Q

Action sequences: ___________ + _______________.

A

Setting + Multiple Attempts

26
Q

Reaction Sequences: _________ + __________+ _________

A

Setting + initiating event + one or more attempts

27
Q

Reaction sequences Example

A

“The three little pigs lived with their mom. She said they needed a house. The first pig made one from straw. No good. The second pig used sticks. No good. etc.”

28
Q

Example of a story

A

There was a little girl. Her name was Lisa. She got lost in a forest. She was so scared. She decided to find a way home. etc.”

29
Q

Story = __________ + ____________

A

Setting + Episodic Structure

30
Q

Episodic structure = ____________ + _______________+ ______+_________+ ____________+ ___________

A

Initiating event + internal response + plan + attempt + consequence + reaction

31
Q

Initiating event ex

A

“She got lost in a forest”

32
Q

______________ must be related to the initiating event!

A

The internal response (thoughts/feelings), and must start out the episode

33
Q

Minimally Complete Episode has ___________

A

3 elements of episodic structure (IE, A, C)

34
Q

Minimally complete episode emerges around age(s) ___________

A

4-6 years

35
Q

If one or more elements of a minimally complete episode is missing it becomes ____________

A

an Incomplete episode

36
Q

Complete episode has…

A

At least 4 elements (IE, [two of the following: IR, P, A] ,and C) (R is optional)

37
Q

Complete episodes emerge around what age(s)?

A

7-8 years

38
Q

Complex Episode Structure are…

A

Expanded complete episodes- have all elements of episodic structure

39
Q

When are multiple episodes emerging?

A

7-8 years

40
Q

When does complex episodic structure arise?

A

11 years of age

41
Q

Interactive episodes are a form of _______

A

complex episodic structure

42
Q

What are interactive episodes

A

What happens in one episode influences what happens in another episode

43
Q

Written Narratives have the same ___________

A

general action

44
Q

Many 5th graders have written stories _____________

A

that are like the oral narratives of 7 year olds. (Written lang lags behind oral lang.)

45
Q

How do written narratives begin?

A

By just writing descriptive sequences or action sequences

46
Q

If a child makes good sentences but cannot carry conversation well or tell stories we would _________

A

Work on that level of discourse in therapy!

47
Q

Episodic structure increases through ________

A

12th grade

48
Q

How does speaking and writing develop throughout adolescence?

A

Speaking and writing become increasingly differentiated as written narratives become longer, more coherent, and better organized

49
Q

Why are narratives important?

A

Thinking!
Social Development: how we communicate with others, strings of sentences that develop ideas
Bridge to literacy: very important to read and write
Classroom: most of American education is rooted in the reading and writing of language, narratives are an essential skill

50
Q

Factors in development and performance of narratives

A

Experience with books/stories
Interest in topic
Experience with topic
Schemata: mental frameworks we have ______________
Scripts

Cognitive Linguistic Development Final (12 decks)

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