Language and Writing

Question 1

6 steps in the process

Answer 1

1. Not transcription of oral lang
2. Use specific constructions
3. Initially: similar to speaking, close to drawing (and often combined)
4. Early: writing ability lags behind reading ability
5. Better readers are usually better writers
6. Later: writing is more advanced than speech

Question 2

Development of written language begins with…

Answer 2

Preschool writing

Question 3

What is preschool writing?

Answer 3

A mixture of writing and drawing, showcases how it is intertwined

Question 4

What is an example of preschool writing?

Answer 4

In the example, the child (4;8) begins to write “the” for “the fan is turning” and then gives up and draws a circle to represent the fan’s movement. Then she tells mom “I’m writing my phone number” (she doesn’t have one) so she writes a series of numbers that are pretty good looking! She writes her name, with a legible M & e & n at the end. Then she draws picture to show swimming.

Question 5

What is the first letter children write?

Answer 5

The first letter of their name

Question 6

How is experience varied during the preschool writing stage?

Answer 6

Experience starts to highly vary around this age, preschool aged kids who go to a high education preschool may have better writing ability, but children with less writing exposure may not be this far along.

Question 7

Around ________ , children will differentiate more between _______________.

Answer 7

3 years; drawing and writing even though it may happen on the same paper

Question 8

At age 3, what are letters and numbers different from?

Answer 8

Figures and other drawn images.

Question 9

Early writing _________ reading ability

Answer 9

Lags behind

Question 10

What must learners achieve for each aspect of writing

Answer 10

Automaticity

Question 11

Why does the learner have to achieve automaticity for letters and deploying sentences?

Answer 11

To free up cognitive space to move to higher levels of abstraction to create more sophisticated writing products

Question 12

Middle school is when an average or above average student …

Answer 12

can use syntax in writing that matches what they use in their speech/oral language. Maturation of this takes time and is gradual after this stage.

Question 13

When does invented spelling occur?

Answer 13

1st and 2nd grade

Question 14

Why do children use invented spelling

Answer 14

They want to use words they do not yet know how to spell

Question 15

What is spelling based in & how do errors occur?

Answer 15

Spelling is very phonologically based and errors are representative of processes we see in error during their age group (especially for preschool-FCD)

Question 16

Invented spelling Example

Answer 16

“I whant a sints set for crismis!!! Garrett”- “I want a science set for christmas” He has been taught some of the patterns of writing (what, where, who- so he might be attaching that spelling to all words that start with a w-. He spells science with the “t” between the n and the s In science.

Question 17

Invented spelling- common errors

Answer 17

MBRS= mommy (first letter)

GRS= grass (syllables without vowels)

DA= day LIK= like (vowel names if you hear a long vowel)

BEDR= better WOODR= water (spells it the way it’s pronounced)

STOPT= “stopped DAZ= “days”

Question 18

Students we work with often have language deficits- how does this impact their writing skills?

Answer 18

We may see chronologically older children who still deploy skills when writing that younger children use, specifically invented spelling

Question 19

Shift away from egocentric focus occurs….

Answer 19

About 3rd or 4th grade

Question 20

During this shift away from egocentric focus, children begin to _____ and increase _____________.

Answer 20

Revise and proofread; increase in complex clauses and sentence format variety

Question 21

During the shift away from egocentric focus, writing becomes more complicated than __________.

Answer 21

General discourse at this stage. Complexity of writing begins to surpass that of spoken language in middle school and beyond!

Question 22

Kroll’s phases of Writing Development (Read and know these stages!!!)

Answer 22

Preparation
Consolidation
Differentiation
Integration

Question 23

Preparation is learning ________

Answer 23

The physical aspects of writing- how to hold a pencil, write the letters, etc. Children are doing a lot of copying ( a word is written for them and they copy that word, tracing, etc.)

Question 24

Consolidation occurs around what age?

Answer 24

7 years- 1st or 2nd grade

Question 25

What is happening during consolidation

Answer 25

Writing independently- they are trying so hard!!!
Similar to speech- still focusing on the phonemes of oral language so writing will reflect that

Question 26

Differentiation occurs around what age?

Answer 26

10 years- 3rd to 4th grade

Question 27

During differentiation what is happening?

Answer 27

Writing takes on unique grammatical constructs

Question 28

Integration is….

Answer 28

When personality and variety are brought into writing

Question 29

Integration is achieved by…

Answer 29

Minority of writers- not achieved by all students, this is highly sophisticated. It is available and doable, likely a career as an author should be considered if you are this advanced.

Sufficiently differentiated from oral language and integrates their personality (the writer’s “voice”) writing is more sophisticated than general discourse.

Question 30

Assessment for writing

Answer 30

We should be able to assess both speaking and writing (within our scope). There are a variety of norm-referenced assessment measures to help analyze written language.