Language and Reading Flashcards
What is literacy?
Oral/Aural vs Gestures/Sign/Written Language
How does language begin developing?
Aural/Oral
What does our culture value highly regarding language?
Written language (literacy)
Similarities between Oral/Aural language and Literacy
same basic sentence structures in both
Differences between Oral/Aural language and literacy in conversation
- info that is already known (either due to context or previous statement, we do not need to restate it) ellipses do not occur much in written language.
- we include a lot of colloquialisms.
- we are in the verbal modality it is normal to have false starts, repetitions and fillers, pauses, etc.
-Moderate overlap between oral and visual communication, but not completely the same. A child’s oral lang and metalinguistic (operating on language as its own entity- allows the user to realize language can be operated on- dissected, manipulated, at an abstract level) is the best predictor of success for reading and writing, building the foundation for entering into literacy.
Differences between Oral/Aural language and literacy in written stories
- In dialogue of a written story, it should reflect the oral language so typically would include ellipses.
-False starts, repetitions, etc. would go in a maize in a lang transcript), we intentionally leave these out of written language.
-Research informs that for the mature language used (adults) that written language skills use more complex sentence structures than we usually use when orally speaking on a day-to-day basis and includes more rigorous macrostructures (fewer degrees of freedom). - –Moderate overlap between oral and visual communication, but not completely the same. A child’s oral lang and metalinguistic (operating on language as its own entity- allows the user to realize language can be operated on- dissected, manipulated, at an abstract level) is the best predictor of success for reading and writing, building the foundation for entering into literacy.
Phonological Awareness is…
foundation for language
Phonological awareness includes…
Syllable segmentation, rhyming, matching initial sounds, sound blending.
At what age do we segment words into syllables
1/2 of kindergarteners can and 90% of 1st graders
By the end of 1st grade, how are children segmenting words?
70% can segment by phoneme
What does the ability to recognize and create rhymes and words correlate highly with?
Later reading success
Preschoolers with speech and language deficits usually…
go on to have reading problems when entering early literacy
2 major process theories
Bottom up & Top-down
Bottom-up says…
Reading is a translation of written elements
How is bottom up processing formed
From smallest element to overall comprehension
What does bottom-up processing assume
Children must be able to recognize letters, assoc. with a sound and be able to combine them later to form words and sentences.
How does bottom up processing utilize automaticity?
it is critical to decode efficiently (based on the 26 written letters that represent 24 consonants and 21 vowels and consonant clusters
An example of automaticity
Ghoti should be read as “fish” due to the “gh” from enough, the “o” from women, and the “ti” from nation
Top-down processing…
emphasizes the cognitive task of deriving meaning to guide the reading process)
Cognitive Tasks of deriving meaning include
Concepts, inferences, and contextual predictions
With top-down processing the mature reader…
Doesn’t read letters or even whole words (the ex of the incorrectly typed paragraph and how we could all still read it!)
Pre-reading development- what happens in this stage
Learning to read
While in pre-reading, children develop what close to their 3rd birthday?
Letter and number discrimination
Pre-reading: children who develop _________ earlier will develop reading skills earlier
Recognize their own name
