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Cognitive Linguistic Development Final > Pragmatics and Metalinguistics > Flashcards

Pragmatics and Metalinguistics Flashcards

1
Q

Pragmatics belong in what sector of the FCU model?

A

Use

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2
Q

3 levels of pragmatics for dx and tx

A

Utterance
Discourse
Social and Cultural Conventions

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3
Q

Development of pragmatic abilities is dependent upon ___________

A

development of all other language subsystems

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4
Q

What is it called when pragmatic expectations depend on who you’re talking to, in what context, and/or for what purpose?

A

Contextually dependent

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5
Q

How are schemes and scripts engrained in pragmatics?

A

take Halloween for example- trick or treating. Scheme includes kids in costumes go up to a strangers door, ring/knock on the door and then when the door opens, the kids say “trick or treat”, (sometimes the person at the door with make conversation- about the costume/scaring them/etc.), then they get candy, and then the child says thank you and walk away! The script is the verbal interaction, trick or treat, convo exchange, saying thank you

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6
Q

Utterance level: Frames are ______

A

the communicative intent

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7
Q

Types of frames

A

persuade
deceive
test
negotiate
argue
fantasize
play
entertain
inform

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8
Q

Frames in early childhood include

A

play/fantasy
humor
deception
argument

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9
Q

Play/fantasy example

A

when they’re playing in the house and assign roles to everyone. Even our 3–4-year-olds can set up utterances in this way

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10
Q

Humor example

A

requires setting up for listeners to participate- like knock knock jokes; really young kids will say “knock-knock” and listener will say “who’s there” “orange “orange who” “knock-knock” “who’s there” “banana” yada, yada but kids won’t deliver the final punchline “orange you glad I didn’t say banana” but might just say orange, they’ll laugh and then you’ll laugh because they’re laughing

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11
Q

Deception example

A

kids eating dog food, mouths full, and they tell parents NO! We haven’t been eating the dog food!

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12
Q

Direct and indirect speech acts include ___________

A

Politeness

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13
Q

Politeness in our culture is _________

A

finding the place between direct and indirect speech

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14
Q

Indirect politeness

A

Indirect happy medium “man some pancakes sound really yummy”

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15
Q

Direct politeness

A

Direct “make me some pancakes”

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16
Q

Medium politeness

A

“Pancakes sound so yummy, could you make me some if you have time?”

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17
Q

Too indirect politeness

A

“those pancakes we had at Disney last year were so yummy”

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18
Q

Discourse level can be ____________

A

analyzed

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19
Q

Conversational discourse is also known as

A

dialogue

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20
Q

Grice’s Conversational Postulates

A

Quantity
Quality
Relation
Manner

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21
Q

Quantity:

A

you have to say enough, but not too much

22
Q

Quality:

A

within a conversation, your contribution should be verifiable and true- if your communicative content is to deceive you are violating this conversational postulate by saying things that are untrue purposefully

23
Q

Relation:

A

Should be relative or associated to the topic at hand

24
Q

Manner:

A

should be appropriate to the context (talking to grandma- be polite and don’t use swear words vs talking to your BFF at a bar at 1 am- you can say whatever you want in whatever way you want (slang, swearing, being vulgar, talk about explicates, etc)

25
Q

Conversational Repairs

A

Conversational Pairs: ability to repair breakdowns- trying to communicate something and it doesn’t work- what do you do next?

26
Q

Young children don’t realize communication breakdowns or that their message didn’t get across, so what happens as a result?

A

Since they have limited ability to fix it, there’s not really much that can be done… so kids will say it again and again, louder and louder until they breakdown and cry.

27
Q

How do proficient language users go about conversational repairs?

A

Can repair conversations on the fly and reword things to better convey meaning.

28
Q

Scripts:

A

In a certain context there are certain options you can use to communicate- that is the use of scripts

29
Q

Discourse levels: 2 kinds

A

Conversational discourse (dialogue) and Narrative discourse (monologue)

30
Q

Social and cultural conventions

A

Language is an arbitrary, standardized, conventional set of rules and symbols that we as language users must follow to match the culture we are communicating within in order to convey a specific meaning for a specific purpose.

31
Q

Linguistic Chauvinism (ethnocentrism)

A

What you have experienced is what everyone should experience (the way you or your culture uses language is the only correct way)

32
Q

Registers

A

Volitional, within speaker differences

The words and sentence patterns you choose fall within this spectrum

33
Q

Spectrum of Environment

A

Formal or unfamiliar vs informal or intimate

34
Q

Spectrum of listener

A

sophisticated to naive

35
Q

Registers start developing ________

A

early and mature later and develop throughout the school years and hopefully longer

36
Q

Registers require….

A

syntactic abilities, semantic abilities, contextual awareness, and practice!

37
Q

Registers include voluntary changes in how we speak based upon what factors

A

syntactic abilities, semantic abilities, contextual awareness, and practice!

38
Q

Dialects are differing across…

A

Regional, Socio-economic (SES), racial, gender

39
Q

Dialects are shared by….

A

Groups of people, intrapersonal.

40
Q

Dialects are not so different that…

A

People from different dialects can still communicate with one another. Variations can be understood by speakers of the same language

41
Q

Code Switching may occur ___________

A

across speaker

42
Q

Development of the code switching theory can be recognized as ________

A

a way that an individual changes the way they use language- now an appropriate form of language use.

43
Q

Example of code switching

A

A speaker who has the option of more than 1 language or dialect, when they can choose among those appropriately and use them that is fabulous, if there is a communication challenge (skills in one lang or dialect do not meet needs in that situation) they can support their communication by code switching and supplementing with piece from a different language/dialect

44
Q

Metalinguistics are

A

when we use language to think or talk about language and recognizing that language itself is a thing that can be changed or operated upon. Meta means abstract reasoning about language

45
Q

Linguistic intuition (implicit knowledge) is ….

A

the ability to speak is one level of language ability, then there is implicit and the acceptability of communications

46
Q

3 types of metalinguistic skills are _______

A

Linguistic intuition, grammaticality judgement, and developmental trajectory

47
Q

Developmental trajectory develops when _________

A

All other language subsystems have been developed

48
Q

Developmental trajectory includes _______________________

A

Early grammaticality judgements based on content & Gradual development

49
Q

Gradual development

A

emerge in preschool, full awareness later (meta-awareness acquired AFTER mastery of the form, ability to correct regular and irregular verbs around 6 years. Dependent upon development of other subsystems)

50
Q

Ex of Early grammaticality judgements based on content-

A

“Her liked the cookies”
“Daddy painted the fence”

51
Q

Metalinguistics may be essential for ________

A

Semantic Organization

52
Q

Metalinguistic development is inter-related with…

A
  1. Language Use
  2. Cognitive Development
  3. Reading Ability
  4. Academic Achievement
  5. Stimulation and Play

Cognitive Linguistic Development Final (12 decks)

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