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EOSC 114 > Storms 5 > Flashcards

Storms 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hurricane eye wall

A

A circle of thunderstorms around the eye

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2
Q

For a hurricane to fuel itself, it needs to

A
  • Remove heat from the ocean
  • Create strong winds that form high waves
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3
Q

To form and strengthen, where must hurricanes be?

A
  • NOT at the equator
  • Over the ocean so that sea spray from breaking waves can add humidity to air
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4
Q

Why do hurricanes not form at the equator?

A

because Coriolis force is zero

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5
Q

Hurricanes don’t hit BC because

A

sea surface is too cold
(below 26˚C)

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6
Q

Warm core is important for hurricanes because

A

it causes high pressure at top of storm, which drives an outward spiralling wind at storm top

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7
Q

What is a storm surge

A

a local rise of sea level as hurricane winds push ocean water to pile up against coastlines

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8
Q

Where is storm surge the greatest

A

-> right side of the storm track in Northern Hemisphere cuz anti-clockwise rotation

-> left side for Southern Hemisphere cuz clockwise rotation

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9
Q

Other names for hurricane

A

Typhoon
Tropical cyclone

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10
Q

Compare the size of a hurricane to thunderstorms

A

Hurricane has much larger diameter (150-300km)
than thunderstorms (15km)

height is the same for both (15km)

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11
Q

Which way do hurricanes turn in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Counterclockwise

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12
Q

Which way do hurricanes turn in the Southern Hemisphere?

A

Clockwise

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13
Q

Hurricanes are made of __1__ that make up the __2__ and __3__

A
  1. thunderstorms
  2. eye wall
  3. spiral bands that extends out from eye wall
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14
Q

What is the eye of a hurricane?

A

The center

  • relatively clear and calm
  • low pressure at sea level
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15
Q

Where is precipitation the heaviest in a hurricane?

A

At the eye wall

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16
Q

Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale measures what?

A

Wind speed - faster means stronger hurricane
Eye pressure - lower as hurricane gets stronger
Storm surge - increases ^^

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17
Q

A category 5 hurricane has ___ eye pressure than a category 1 hurricane

A

lower

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18
Q

Can hurricanes cross the equator?

A

No never!

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19
Q

How long can hurricanes (& their tstorms) last? Why?

A

up to weeks, they’re organized to create their own fuel

  • because they manipulate the envo to continually create new fuel of warm/humid air from heat stored in ocean
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20
Q

Supercell thunderstorms can last a long time due to ____.

A

Favourable wind shear
(normally 15-30 mins, but supercell can last for hours)

  1. blows fresh fuel into storm
  2. blows Tstorm to new regions with fuel
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21
Q

What is boundary-layer air?

A

air in the bottom 1km of atmosphere

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22
Q

How do hurricanes create fuel?

A
  1. low pressure in the EYE sucks in boundary-layer air
  2. air moves faster as it gets closer to the eye
  3. faster winds create larger ocean waves
  4. Evaporation from ocean surface + wave spray
  5. When air reaches base of eye wall, it is warm + near 100% humidity + lots of sensible and latent heat fuel
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23
Q

How does evaporation from the ocean surface help fuel hurricanes?

A

evaporation and spray from waves adds moisture to boundary-layer air

24
Q

To form, hurricanes need a sea surface temperature of ___ and warm surface waters that are ___

A

> 26˚C

> 60m deep

25
Q

True or false: adding heat to the ocean can fuel a hurricane

A

false; need to remove heat from the ocean

26
Q

True or false: strong winds that form high waves help fuel hurricanes

A

true

27
Q

Why should the depth of warm surface water be > 60m ?

A

to avoid reaching a temperature below 26˚C, because hurricanes cause sea surface temperature to cool
(due to wave-induced turbulence)

28
Q

Hurricane season is ___ because ____

A
  • late summer and early fall
  • waters are warmest
29
Q

Official North Atlantic hurricane season is ____ but most hurricanes occur ____

A

June - Nov
Aug - Oct !

30
Q

Where do hurricanes form and not form?

A

Form in the tropics (near equator has warm SST), but
NOT at the equator (zero Coriolis effect)

31
Q

Coriolis is ___, its effect is strongest near ____

A

earth’s rotation, strongest near the poles

32
Q

Favored hurricane formation latitudes

A

10˚ and -30˚

33
Q

To persist, the pressure in the hurricane eye must remain ___

A

low
(to create wind, waves, suck in humid air, etc)

34
Q

What can kill a hurricane?

A
  1. moving over colder water
  2. landing
  3. cold fronts interfere
35
Q

Westerlies are winds that are near ___ and head ___

A

poles
east

36
Q

Trade winds are near ___ and head ___

A

equator
west

37
Q

Hurricanes are steered by ___ in the atmosphere

A

the general circulation of trade winds and westerlies and Bermuda High

38
Q

Hurricanes strike US at ___

A

gulf coasts and SE Atlantic states

39
Q

Why can hurricanes last for weeks despite all air molecules continually being blown into the core?

A

Heavy condensation and rain from storms in eye wall causes core to become warm relative to surroundings

40
Q

hurricane core consists of

A

eye + eye wall

41
Q

At the top of the hurricane, the air is flowing ___

A

outflow away from core

42
Q

At the bottom of the hurricane, the air is flowing ___

A

inflow towards the core

43
Q

Hurricanes have a ___ circulation

A

vertical

44
Q

Strong updrafts are in the

A

eye wall of thunderstorms

45
Q

What was the deadliest hurricane that strikes Florida?

A

Hurricane Ian, a category 4 that strikes in Sept 2022

46
Q

What is the direction of the inflow and outflow of a hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Inflow at low levels: counter-clockwise
outflow at high levels: clockwise

47
Q

What hurricane-caused events cause the most deaths?

A

coastal flooding due to

-> storm surge (most)
-> rain

48
Q

What was the deadliest US hurricane

A

Hurricane Harvey 2017

49
Q

Why is floodwater so dangerous?

A

carries disease
- insects breed
- mold
- destroy things, ptsd

50
Q

advanced warning period of hurricanes compared to tornadoes

A

hurricanes: several days
tornadoes: couple hours or minutes

51
Q

True or false: hurricane predictions are accurate

A

false

hurricane predictions are inaccurate, so forecast is usually probabilities

52
Q

Canadian hurricane centre

A

Halifax, Nova Scotia

provides information and warnings on hurricanes in canada

53
Q

Example of a recent hurricane that occurred in Canada

A

Hurricane Fiona, Sept 2022

54
Q

True or false: hurricanes are rare in canada

A

true

4-5 per decade

55
Q

if canada gets hurricanes, are they mostly formed here or elsewhere?

A

formed elsewhere

  • mostly hits Nfld and nova scotia

EOSC 114 (30 decks)

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