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EOSC 114 > Storms 3 > Flashcards

Storms 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between funnel cloud vs tornado

A

Funnel cloud before it touches ground
Tornado once it touches ground

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2
Q

True or false: Shape is dependent on intensity classification

A

false, shape does not tell us about the intensity

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3
Q

Do invisible tornadoes exist?

A

oui

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4
Q

Most tornadoes are made visible by…?

A
  1. cloud-water droplets (the funnel cloud)

and/or

  1. dust and debris from the ground (debris cloud)
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5
Q

What are some possible tornado shapes?

A

cone
V-shaped
wedge
cylinder
hourglass
rope

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6
Q

Strong tornadoes are most likely associated with…?

A

supercell storms

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7
Q

In North America, most Tstorms move from ___ to ___

A

SW towards NE

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8
Q

what are tornadoes attached to?

A

Thunderstorms!

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9
Q

True or false: only a small percentage of supercell Tstorms produce tornadoes

A

True: 20% - 30%

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10
Q

How to recognize supercell rotation

A
  1. Striations around mesocyclone
  2. rotating wall cloud
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11
Q

What is a funnel cloud

A

Water condensation funnel / cloud-water droplets
-> use this term before it touches ground

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12
Q

What is a wall cloud

A

isolated lowering of cloud base beneath rain-free Tstorm base

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13
Q

Where is the wall cloud

A
  • beneath rising cumulus towers
  • on SW flank of the storm
  • outside the precipitation region!
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14
Q

Where do tornadoes come from, in a supercell storm?

A

they come from rotating wall clouds

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15
Q

True or false: if we are in a car, we can easily drive away from most tornadoes

A

true, by taking a perpendicular path to the tornado path

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16
Q

What are the translation speeds of the centre of a tornado?

A

Horizontal movement can be between
0 - 100 km/hr

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17
Q

Are tangential speeds faster or slower than translation speeds?

A

i.e. rotational speeds, they are much faster!

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18
Q

True or false: Translational winds causes the damage

A

False:
Tangential (rotational) winds cause the damage

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19
Q

What is the Enhanced Fujita Scale? Where is it used?

A

Rates tornado intensity by amount of damage to buildings

  • EF0 (break windows) to EF5 (destroy buildings)
  • used in N. America
20
Q

What is the TORRO scale? Where is it used?

A

Determined by wind speed

  • used in Europe
21
Q

Describe the EF ratings

A

EF0
- trees snapped or toppled

EF1
- roof damage, windows broken

EF2
- roofs torn off, large trees snapped or uprooted

EF3
- destroyed homes, damage to large buildings

EF4
- homes are levelled, cars thrown a ways away

EF5
- completely levelled AND homes swept away, concrete structures badly damaged, trees completely debarked

22
Q

Most tornadoes in Canada are ranked what EF scale?

A

EF0

23
Q

How long do tornadoes normally last?

A

short lived, usually just minutes

24
Q

Describe a tornado’s typical damage path

A

Narrow (width of house to size of city blocks)
paths often one to tens of km long

25
Q

Tornadoes RARELY

A
  • last for hours
  • have damage paths >1km wide, >100km long
26
Q

In the case of a tornado, what are some safe places to be if you are indoors?

A

below ground (storm cellar or basement)
get out of mobile homes!!

27
Q

What is the worse place to be in a tornado

A

in a mobile home

28
Q

In the case of a tornado, what are some safe places to be if you are outdoors?

A

get into a ditch
place body below “line of fire” of moving debris

29
Q

True or false: in a tornado, you could hide under highway bridges or overpasses

A

False: do NOT hide under highway bridge or overpass

30
Q

What country do tornadoes occur the most?

A

North America
75%

31
Q

Are tornadoes in Vancouver common?

A

Nope they are very rare

32
Q

Where is Tornado Alley?

A

parts of Texas / OKC
(east side of US)

33
Q

Greatest tornado frequency in Canada

A

South Quebec / Ontario

34
Q

Graupel is

A

small hail

35
Q

What are tornado Outbreaks

A

6 tornadoes in one day and one region
OR
many tornadoes in a week

36
Q

How often do outbreaks occur?

A

almost ever year in N America

37
Q

Tornado outbreaks are often associated with____

A

Squall Lines

38
Q

Squall lines often form along

A

cold fronts

39
Q

As cold front moves towards SE, Tstorms move

A

toward NE

40
Q

Describe the 5 stages of Tornado Evolution

A
  1. Thunderstorm, dust whirl
  2. Funnel cloud
  3. Mature tornado
  4. Decaying “rope”
  5. Dissipating
41
Q

True or False: Forecasting tornadoes is not difficult

A

False: forecasting tornadoes is very difficult

42
Q

Tornado Watch

A

6 - 12 hr forecast

Tells broad region where tornadoes are likely later in day
- can continue with dailies but should monitor emergency news

43
Q

Tornado Warning

A

Tornado actually detected NOW
“Nowcast” warning tells
- where tornado is / moving
- warn specific towns in expected path
- tornado sirens in towns are activated

44
Q

What can detect tornadoes

A

Doppler radar -> sees vortex signature
Human spotter

45
Q

Tornado warnings come ___ prior to a tornado hitting

A

15 mins or less
- must immediately take shelter

EOSC 114 (30 decks)

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