Storm Hazards

Question 1

Why does the geographical area of the Philippines make it a risk to live in

Answer 1

1. located on a destructive plate boundary
2. There is a high population density of 240 people per km2
3. It lies in a belt of tropical cyclones, and experiences a tropical monsoon climate and is therefore subject to heavy rainfall.

Question 2

What plates are involved in the destructive plate boundary in the Philippines.

Answer 2

the philippine plate subducts under the eurasian plate

Question 3

What type of topography does the Philippines have and why is it hazardous.

Answer 3

Steep slopes combined with heavy rainfall mean that mass movements of earth are common.

The increase deforestation has reduced interception with furthermore increasing this risk

Question 4

3 social impacts of the typhoon Haiyan

Answer 4

1. 6000 dead- lost sense of community
2. no power for months
3. looting occurred in the city of tacloban

Question 5

2 economic impacts of typhoon Haiyan

Answer 5

1. 6 million worker lost their income

2. storms destroyed 30,000 boats. as fishing takes up a massive proportion of GDP this is damaging

Question 6

Information about the typhoon Haiyan

date, windspeed and wave height

Answer 6

1. 2013 November (which is just after the cyclone season
2. 300 km/hour
3. 7m in wave height after around 300mm in rain

Question 7

information about the Bohol earthquake

date, tectonic plates

Answer 7

1. 2013 (same as Haiyan which can cause massive impacts)
2. the eurasian plate subduct beneath the Philippine plate
   3.

Question 8

Social impacts of the Bohol earthquake

Answer 8

1. 200 people died
2. schools and roads were destroyed
3. 100 destroyed health facilities

Question 9

describe the formation of a tropical storm (4,6 marker)

Answer 9

1. ocean temperatures are warmed greater than 27 degrees C due to solar heating
2. this warms the air above the water. As warm moist air is less dense it rises
3. causing an area of low pressure
4. As the air rises it cools then condenses forming clouds
5. the air around the weather system rushes to fill the low pressure
6. the air spirals as a result of the Coriolis effect
7. which generates heat causing wind speeds to increase to over 63 km/h
8. creating a tropical storm

Question 10

why do tropical storms usually form at 5-30 degree latitude

Answer 10

as this is where the Coriolis has its greatest effect

Question 11

conditions requires for a tropical storm to start

Answer 11

1. 27 degrees c ocean temp
2. depth of 70M
3. 5-30 degrees latitude north and south so the Coriolis effect takes place
4. light wind shear

Question 12

what is the structure of the topical storm

Answer 12

1. the centre part of the storm is known as the eye which is around 30-50 m wide, calm light wind and no rain
2. Large cumulonimbus clouds surround the eye.
   These are caused by moist air condensing as it rises. Wind speeds average 160km per hour around the eye.

Question 13

why is light wind shear important for the formation of a tropical storm

Answer 13

——>10km/h
—->5km/h
If the wind shear was strong (as shown above) the winds would prevent the clouds from forming and it would be blown away

Question 14

formation of a storm surge

Answer 14

1. a low pressure system causes the sea levels to rise
2. strong winds generates large waves onto of this surge.
3. Causing it to spill over the coast and its defences
4. In the case of tropical storms (such as hurricanes), there may also be a very large amount of rain which further increases the risk of flooding.

Question 15

how are topical storms measured

Answer 15

Saffir simpson scale 1-5

Question 16

what did typhoon Haiyan measure on the saffir Simpson scale

Answer 16

5

Question 17

why are tropical storm becoming easier to predict

Answer 17

1. more forecasting centres across the world
2. more buoys with measuring equipment (to measure sea temperature)
3. more satellites to predict path

Question 18

US responses (which Haiti can’t benefit from as they are an LIC)

Answer 18

1. better investment into prediction meaning they were better able to warn residents to evacuate and reduce the impact
2. there were existing flood defences (1.45 billion dollars worth of sea walls before the flood)
3. technology such as helicopters to evacuate people.

Question 19

Why did the US better manage hurricane sandy than Haiti

Answer 19

1. the government has higher tax revenues therefore can spend 1.45 billion on sea defences
2. powerful authorities

Question 20

economic impacts on the US economy

Answer 20

1. stock exchange was closed for 2 days
2. 71 billion dollars worth of damage in total
3. 19,000 flights were cancelled

Question 21

social impacts on Haiti

Answer 21

1. cholera outbreak killing 200 people.

2. 250,000 homes were destroyed

Question 22

economic impacts on Haiti

Answer 22

1. 70-90% of (corn, bean, rice) crops were destroyed which is particularly damaging as Haiti is so reliant on agriculture.
   causing rapid inflation in the food market
2. 91 billion dollars worth of damage

Question 23

social impacts on the US

Answer 23

1. 650,000 homes were destroyed (400,000 more homes than Sandy)
2. 40,000 people had to be rehoused
3. 145,000 people experienced power outages

Question 24

introduction superstorm sandy

Answer 24

Sandy was the most destructive storm in 2012 with winds now extending 1,000 miles along the coast. This storm originated in the North Atlantic Ocean and moved through the Caribbean and into the New York