Stomatitis/Glossitis Flashcards
Inflammation of the tongue is known as what?
Glossitis
Which is the more common cause of stomatitis/glossitis: viral or bacterial?
Viral
What are 2 feline viruses that cause oral lesions?
- Feline rhinotracheitis virus
- Feline calici virus
What are 3 viruses that may result in stomatitis?
- Canine distemper
- CAV
- Feline panleukopenia
What are 2 feline viruses that are commonly associated with chronic recurrent stomatitis?
- Feline leukemia virus
- Feline Immunodeficiency virus
What metabolic condition can lead to stomatitis/glossitis where the primary irritation is thought to result from ammonia produced by bacterial action on the urea in the saliva of a uremic animal?
Uremia
What metabolic condition can lead to stomatitis/glossitis in association with immunosuppression and secondary infection?
Cushing’s disease
What metabolic condition can lead to stomatitis/glossitis due to reduced resistance to disease?
Diabetes mellitus
Glossitis/stomatitis may develop secondary to the erosion or ulceration of what?
Oral neoplasms
What are 4 auto-immune diseases that can, but rarely, cause stomatitis/glossitis?
- Pemphigus vulgaris/erythematosus
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Systemic lupus erythmatosus
- Discoid lupus erythmatosus
What is idiopathic stomatitis also known as?
Recurrent necrotising stomatitis
What dog breed is recurrent necrotising stomatitis seen in?
Maltese
What does CUPS stand for?
Canine Ulcerative Paradontal Syndrome
A possibly immune-mediated excessive inflammatory reaction to bacterial antigens in dental plaque is known as what?
Recurrent necrotising stomatitis
What is the etiology of lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis of cats?
What type of mechanism is suspected?
- Unknown
- Immunologic mechanism
What is an example of a plant that may cause oral disease when chewed on by a dog?
Dieffenbachia
What are 3 possible clinical signs that can be seen with stomatitis/glossitis?
- Anorexia
- Ptyalism
- Halitosis
What is usually the reason behind anorexia seen with stomatitis/glossitis?
Anorexia due to pain
What are 4 possible appearances of saliva seen with stomatitis/glossitis?
- Thick “ropey” saliva
- Serosanguinous
- Purulent
- Malodorous
Malodorous breath is known as what?
Halitosis
What are 2 metabolic conditions that can display very distinct forms of halitosis?
- Diabetes mellitus
- Uremia
What is an important differential for halitosis?
Especially in what breed?
- Lipfold dermatitis
- Spaniels
Erosion or ulceration can be seen mainly on mucosal surfaces in contact with the teeth in what condition?
Recurrent necrotizing stomatitis
Large ulcerations on the tongue and other mucus membranes of the mouth can be seen with what syndrome?
What is another name for this?
This is associated with what virus?
- Feline upper respiratory syndrome
- Snuffles
- Feline Calici virus
Which lymph nodes can be enlarged with stomatitis/glossitis?
Submandibular lymph nodes
To perform a thorough examination of the mouth, what might need to be done to the patient?
Sedation or anesthesia
What are 6 aspects of the oral cavity that should be examined closely?
- Gingival surfaces
- Lingual surfaces
- Pharynx
- Hard palate
- Soft palate
- Teeth
What are 3 procedures that can be used to evaluate the types and proportion of microflora present with stomatitis/glossitis?
- Wet smears
- Impression smears
- Superficial scrapings
Biopsies for histopathology are often taken when what is suspected?
Oral neoplasia
Immuno-fluorescent antibody tests (IFA) are used when what are the suspected cause of glossitis/stomatitis?
Auto-immune diseases
What is a major problem with bacterial cultures and antibiograms for stomatitis/glossitis?
Most of the bacteria present are opportunistic and have little to do with the primary etiology.
What should be evaluated if uremia is a suspected cause of stomatitis/glossitis?
If Diabetes mellitus is suspected?
- Blood urea/creatinine
- Urine and/or blood glucose
What 2 types of drugs can be given in severe cases of stomatitis/glossitis to alleviate inflammation and pain?
What needs to be done first?
- Analgesics and anti-inflammatories
- Evaluate hydration status and rule out renal failure first.
Systemic antimicrobial therapy is most effective for what type of bacteria?
Anaerobes
What are 2 types of synthetic penicillins that can be given to treat stomatitis/glossitis?
- Amoxycillin
- Amoxycillin and clavulanic acid
What are 2 other types of antibiotics besides synthetic penicillins that can be used to treat stomatitis/glossitis?
- Clindamycin
- Metronidazole
How long should antimicrobials be given for?
Minimum of 21 days
Inflammation of the oral mucosa is known as what?
Stomatitis
