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SAM 2 > Cat Bronchial > Flashcards

Cat Bronchial Flashcards

1
Q

Kitty asthma is also known as what?

A

Idiopathic feline bronchitis

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2
Q

What is the typical signalment for idiopathic feline bronchitis?

A
  • Young to middle aged (1-3 years)

- Siamese are predisposed

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3
Q

Clinical signs of idiopathic feline bronchitis (asthma) can range in a spectrum from what to what?

A

From chronic/intermittent coughing to acute respiratory distress.

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4
Q

What are 2 clinical signs of acute respiratory distress that can be seen with idiopathic feline bronchitis?

A
  • Open mouth breathing

- Audible wheezing

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5
Q

What are 3 clinical findings that can be heard on auscultation with idiopathic feline bronchitis?

A
  • Wheezes
  • Crackles
  • Increased expiratory effort
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6
Q

Are systemic signs present with idiopathic feline bronchitis?

A

No

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7
Q

What are 3 diagnostic tests that are included in a first tier work up for a coughing/wheezing in cats that are suspected of idiopathic feline bronchitis/asthma?

A
  • Radiographs
  • CBC
  • Fecal exam
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8
Q

What are 2 types of diagnostic tests that might be used in a second tier round of testing in a work up for a coughing/wheezing cat suspected of idiopathic feline bronchitis/asthma?

A
  • Transtracheal wash (TTW)/bronchoscopy

- Cytology/culture

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9
Q

What is seen in 23% of thoracic radiographs of cats with idiopathic feline bronchitis/asthma?

A

Normal lungs

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10
Q

What is the most common type of lung pattern seen with radiographs of idiopathic feline bronchitis/asthma?

A

Bronchial pattern

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11
Q

What can be seen radiographically in 10% of IFB/asthma cases?

A

Collapse of right middle lung lobe.

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12
Q

What are 3 less common signs that can be seen radiographically with IFB/asthma cases?

A
  • Reticular interstitial/patchy alveolar opacities
  • Hyperinflation of lungs
  • Flattening of diaphragm
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13
Q

What often precedes radiographic changes with IFB/asthma?

A

Clinical signs

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14
Q

What is the term used for constriction of small airways, not allowing inspired air to be exhaled causing the lungs to over-inflate?

A

Air-trapping

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15
Q

What are 2 possible cytological changes that can be seen with feline asthma?

A
  • Increased eosinophils or neutrophils

- Mixed inflammation

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16
Q

What are 2 cytological changes that can be seen with infectious etiologies to help differentiate from feline asthma?

A
  • Degenerate neutrophils

- Intracellular bacteria

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17
Q

If a culture comes back positive, the cause is most likely not what?
What is a possibility to consider?

A
  • Not likely asthma

- Consider possibility of secondary infection

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18
Q

What are 4 aspects of treating acute-emergency life threatening bronchoconstriction?

A
  • No stress
  • Oxygen rich environment
  • Rapid acting corticosteroid
  • Bronchodilator
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19
Q

What are 2 options of bronchodilators for the treatment of acute-emergency life threatening bronchoconstriction?

A
  • Terbutaline 0.01 mg/kg SQ

- Albuterol via MDI or orally

20
Q

What does MDI stand for?

A

Metered dosing inhaler

21
Q

What rapid acting corticosteroid can be used in the treatment of acute-emergency life threatening bronchoconstriction?

A

Dexmethasone SQ or IM

22
Q

What are 2 forms of long-term treatment and management of feline asthma?

A
  • Environmental management

- Glucocorticoids

23
Q

What are 2 ways to environmentally manage feline asthma long-term?

A
  • Improve indoor air quality

- Eliminate potential allergens and potential irritants

24
Q

What are 3 glucocorticoid options that help control airway inflammation with long-term management of feline asthma?

A
  • Prednisolone/prednisone
  • Depo-Medrol
  • MDI: Fluticasone proprionate and Beclomethasone
25
Q

What is a glucocorticoid that can be used for patients that cannot be medicated orally?

A

Depo-Medrol

26
Q

What can be used once signs are controlled with oral steroids?

A

Metered dose inhaler (MDI)

27
Q

What are 2 examples of MDIs?

A
  • Fluticasone proprionate (Flovent or Flixotide)

- Beclomethasone (Qvar or Becotide)

28
Q

What are 3 advantages of using an MDI?

A
  • Minimize systemic corticosteroid side effects
  • Easier to treat
  • Higher concentrations delivered to lungs
29
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of using an MDI?

A
  • Increased risk of dental disease
  • Re-emergence of latent herpesvirus infection
  • Local dermatitis
30
Q

It is recommended not to start an MDI until there is what?

A

Good control with systemic glucocorticoids.

31
Q

How long should the face mask be held over the face during MDI application?

A

5-10 seconds

32
Q

How long should you wait in between administering MDI doses?

A

30-60 seconds

33
Q

What is indicated for the chronic management when large quantities of glucocorticoid (GC) required or when there is adverse reaction to GC or when the owner can’t use MDI?

A

Oral bronchodilator

34
Q

What is an example of an oral bronchodilator?

A

Oral Theophylline

35
Q

What is a bronchodilator that can be given SQ at night in crisis?

A

Terbutaline

36
Q

Why does a bolus of water need to be given after a dose of doxycycline?

A

Prevent esophageal structure formation.

37
Q

What are 3 antibiotics that can be given as a therapeutic trial for Mycoplasma?

A
  • Doxycycline
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Azithromycin
38
Q

Since feline asthma is a chronic disorder, some form of what is needed in most cases?

A

Long term glucocorticoids

39
Q

If cats are medically treated long term for feline asthma, what is the prognosis for control of signs?

A

Good prognosis

40
Q

If feline asthma is left untreated, what might develop?

A

Permanent changes of chronic bronchitis with irreversible damage (fibrosis) and emphysema.

41
Q

What is the typical signalment for chronic airway inflammation?

A

Older cats

42
Q

What are 4 characteristics of chronic bronchitis?

A
  • Neutrophilic inflammation
  • Mucosal edema
  • Mucus gland hypertrophy
  • Excessive mucus production
43
Q

Clinical signs for chronic bronchitis are often indistinguishable from what other condition?

A

Feline asthma

44
Q

One is a clinical sign that chronic bronchitis rarely has?

A

Life-threatening bronchoconstriction

45
Q

What is a clinical sign of chronic bronchitis that can be seen on a daily or almost daily basis?

A

Coughing

46
Q

Management of chronic bronchitis focuses on control of what using what?

A
  • Control of inflammation

- Using glucocorticoids

SAM 2 (9 decks)

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