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Sys Path II > Stomatitis > Flashcards

Stomatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are stomatitis, glossitis, & gingivitis?

A
  • inflammation of the mucous mbs of the oral cavity, tongue, & gingiva, respectively
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2
Q

what is stomatitis often accompanied by ?

A
  • anorexia caused by painful mastication
  • hypersalivation (ptyalism) from overproduction or failure to swallow
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3
Q

How do we classify stomatitides in domestic animals?

A
  • superficial stomatitis (affects primarily the epithelium & immediate subepithelial tissues)
  • deep stomatitis (affects deep tissues of oral cavity)
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4
Q

What are the different types of superficial stomatitis?

A
  • vesicular stomatitis
  • erosive/ulcerative stomatitis
  • proliferative stomatitis
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5
Q

What are the different types of deep stomatitis?

A
  • necrobacillosis
  • actinobacilosis
  • eosinophilic granulomas & ulcers
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6
Q
A

vesicular stomatitis

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7
Q
A

proliferative stomatitis

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8
Q
A

erosive dermatitis

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9
Q
A

Necrobacillosis

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10
Q
A

eosinophilic granulomas

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11
Q
A

actinobacilosis

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12
Q

what is the etiology of necrobacillosis?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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13
Q

What is the etiology of eosinophilic granulomas?

A

potentially immune mediated

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14
Q

What is the etiology of actinobacilosis?

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

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15
Q

What is an important cause of vesicular stomatitis?

A

Foot & Mouth Disease

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16
Q

What is foot & mouth disease?

A
  • caused by FMD virus Aphthovirus (Picornaviridae)
  • loves stratified squamous epithelium &, in young animals, myocardium
  • highly contagious disease in Ru & Sw w/ great economic impact & low mortality
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17
Q

What are the clinical signs of FMD?

A
  • vesicles, bullae, erosions, ptyalism, lameness, fever, anorexia
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18
Q

What lesions are caused by FMD?

A
  • vesicular +/- erosive (due to mechanical impact) or even ulcerative (if infected w/ Fusobacterium necrophorum) stomatitis & occasionally esophagitis
  • vesicular (+/- erosive/ulcerative) pododermatitis & thelitis (dermatitis of teats)
  • in young animals, myocarditis that can present as occasional sudden death (up to 20%)
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19
Q

What is the pathogenesis of FMD?

A
  • vesicle formation w/in stratified squamous epithelium is characteristic: hydropic & ballooning degeneration & necrosis of cells of stratum spinosum
  • viral epithelial cytolysis creates microvesicles, which coalesce to produce intraepithelial fluid-filled vesicles (< 1cm) & bullae (> 1 cm)
  • due to mastication & abrasion, vesicles rupture resulting in erosions; this stage of vesicular stomatitides is v difficult to differentiate from other erosive & ulcerative stomatitides (look for ulcerative collarettes)
  • erosions may heal w/in a few days by proliferation of stratum basale, or progress to ulceration if abrasions & secondary bacterial infections damage the basement mb
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20
Q

what are differential diagnoses for FMD?

A
  • vesicular stomatitis (Rhabdovirus)
  • vesicular exanthema (calicivirus)
  • swine vesicular disease (enterovirus - porcine variant of coxsackievirus B5 which causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease in humans)
  • all of the 3 differential diagnoses have identical appearances & none are fatal, but sp susceptibility & epidemiology may vary
  • final confirmatory dx is based on demo of the particular virus
  • IMPORTANT: federal authorities must be informed about suspected outbreaks of vesicular diseases
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21
Q

What is important about vesicular stomatitides progression?

A

may present as erosive stomatitis (during certain stages) & can progress to ulceration secondary to abrasion & infection to the point that they cannot be distinguished from the erosive/ulcerative stomatitides

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22
Q
A

MACULE: colour change in the epithelium -> not palpable

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23
Q
A
  • virus has gone here & infected these epithelial cells & then these viruses produce ballooning degeneration
  • PAPULE
  • damages the mb & water flushes in & causes cells to balloon
  • as they expand, now you can palpate this
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24
Q
A
  • then these cells are bursting & forming together a VESICLE filled w/ translucent fluid w/ a lot of virus in it
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25
Q
A
  • usually these vesicles are v short-lived & what can happen here is when the animal is masticating they will burst
  • when they burst, we call this EROSION
  • called erosion b/c we still have a BASEMENT MB
  • however, this is a special type of erosion, used to be a vesicle
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26
Q
A
  • the fact that this is a special type of erosion can be seen by the presence of the epidermal collarette (red circle)
  • so most likely it will regenerate
  • next stage in diagram = REGENERATION HEALING
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27
Q
A
  • or if it was infected by Fusobacterium necrophorum, it is going to be deep, ulcerative stomatitis
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28
Q
A

Ptyalism

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29
Q
A

erosive (vesicular?) stomatitis

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30
Q
A

erosive (vesicular?) thelitis

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31
Q
A

erosive (vesicular?) pododermatitis

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32
Q
A

ulcerative interdigital dermatitis (vesicular?)
- most likely not going to be just erosion b/c we have a lot of contamination here & Fusobacterium necrophorum is present all over in the enviro & will start to go through the basement mb w/ proteolytic enzymes

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33
Q
A

Vesicles of FMD

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34
Q
A

Erosions of FMD

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35
Q
A

FMD

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36
Q
A

healed epithelium in FMD

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37
Q
A
  • in other erosive stomatitides, we have epithelial infection followed by epithelial death but not by ballooning degeneration
  • by single cell necrosis instead & then sloughing of the dead tissue causing erosions
  • so this is direct w/ no vesicular stage
  • can result in death or if the animal doesnt die, it can be regenerated or become infected w/ Fusobacterium necrophorum & go into ulceration
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38
Q

Diseases that cause erosive/ulcerative stomatitis?

A
  • BVD
  • Bovine papular stomatitis (may have appearance of erosive or proliferative
  • Malignant catarrhal fever
  • Bluetongue
  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR; virus causing systemic infection in neonatal calves - up to 1 month)
  • Rinderpest
  • Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR; “pseudo-rinderpest of small ruminants”)
  • feline calicivirus: oral erosions; interstitial pneumonia, conjunctivitis, & occasionally arthritis
  • in primates: thrush/Candidiasis
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39
Q

What is Bovine Viral Diarrhea complex?

A
  • a Pestivirus
  • RNA highly mutable virus
  • loves epithelium & lymphoid tissue
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40
Q

What are the different types of BVD?

A
  • Classical BVD (subclinical, mild)
  • fetal infection
  • persistently infected (PI) calves
  • mucosal disease
  • thrombocytopenic syndrome
  • severe (fulminant) peracute BVD
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41
Q

What is classical BVD?

A
  • high morbidity & no mortality
  • infection of immunocompetent, seronegative animals
  • subclinical to mild clinical disease manifested by fever, leukopenia, lethargy, anorexia, transient mild drop in milk production, & potentially mild upper GI erosions
  • recovered animals develop longlasting immunity
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42
Q

What is fetal BVD infection?

A
  • fetuses are infected transplacentally, if a classical BVD infection occurs in a pregnant immunocompetent seronegative (non-vaccinated) cow/heifer
  • outcome of the infection depends on the stage of gestation
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43
Q

What may fetal infection w/ noncytopathic BVD result in?

A
  • early embryonic death, mummification, or abortion
  • congenital fetal anomalies (infection btwn 90-150 days of gestation): cerebellar hypoplasia, enamel hypoplasia, hypomyelination, microencephalopathy, microophthalmia, cataracts, etc.
  • PI calf (infection 50-125 days of gestation): if fetus survives infection, it remains viremic for life & is also immunotolerant for homologous noncytopathic BVD viruses, due to failure of the fetal immune system to recognize the infecting viral antigen as ‘non-self’ or foreign (infection happened before immune system was developed - up to 4 months of gestation)
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44
Q

What are Persistently Infected calves with BVD?

A
  • at birth, they are normal to weak & undersized
  • over time, they are unusually unthrifty, smaller size, rough hair coat, & more susceptible to infectious diseases
  • PI calves are constantly viremic & shed virus all the time (MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INFECTION)
  • almost all PI animals succumb to Mucosal Disease before 2 years of age
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45
Q

What is BVD Mucosal Disease?

A
  • PI animals have increased susceptibility to other common bovine infectious diseases
  • PI animals subsequently become infected w/ a closely related cytopathic BVD virus or the non-cytopathic virus that is causing persistent infection spontaneously develops recombination
  • result is overwhelming infection & destruction of epithelial & lymphoid tissues that cannot be stopped by the immune system of PI calves
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46
Q

What are the clinical signs of BVD mucosal disease?

A
  • morbidity in a herd varies from 2-50%
  • all affected animals die (100% mortality)
  • anorexia, depression, pyrexia, profuse watery diarrhea w/ staining of the perineum & tail, rumen atony, ptyalism, etc.
  • oral & interdigital erosions that may become ulcerations if infected by bacteria
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47
Q

what is seen on necropsy with BVD Mucosal Disease?

A
  • multifocal erosions (or ulcers if infected w/ bacteria) in the tongue, gingiva, palate, esophagus, rumen, omasum, abomasum, & coronary bands of the hooves
  • fibrinonecrotic ulceration of the intestinal mucosa over Peyer’s patches & lymphoid tissue & some cases have fibrinonecrotic colitis
  • generalized lymphoid necrosis/apoptosis & depletion
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48
Q

what is BVD thrombocytopenic syndrome?

A
  • animal affected by widespread hemorrhage (epistaxis, hyphema, mucosal & serosal hemorrhages) due to infection & loss of megakaryocytes that results in thrombocytopenia
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49
Q

What is severe (fulminant) peracute BVD?

A
  • BVD disease has become more complicated since 1990
  • highly virulent strains of BVD virus can cause high morbidity & HIGH MORTALITY (unlike classical BVD) w/ identical lesions to those described in Mucosal Disease, but in this case, in addn to PI calves, immunocompetent (non-vaccinated) animals are also affected
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50
Q

How do you differentiate btwn Mucosal Disease affecting PI animals & severe peracute BVD affecting immunocompetent ones?

A
  • based on hx, epidemiological observations, & molecular characterization of BVD virus
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51
Q

How do you diagnose Severe Peracute BVD?

A
  • depends on the form of the disease
  • gross & histopathology
  • immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies (large amounts of viral load) in PI animals - this test is not available currently due to limited availability of antibodies
  • demonstration & characterization of the virus (virus isolation, PCR, etc.)
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52
Q

What is Rinderpest?

A
  • caused by morbillivirus in Ru & Sw in Asia & Africa
  • was eradicated in 2011
  • highly contagious w/ high mortality in naive populations
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53
Q

What are the major lesions of rinderpest?

A
  • erosive/ulcerative stomatitis, esophagitis, & abomasitis; hemorrhagic colitis (w/ “zebra stripes”); necrosis of lymphoid tissue (Peyer’s patches); fibrinopurulent erosive rhinitis (may extend to upper trachea); erosive vulvovaginitis;
  • characteristic histopathology: intranuclear & intracytoplasmic inclusions (especially in tonsils) & multinucleated syncytial
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54
Q

How is Rinderpest related to BVD?

A
  • rinderpest is eradicated
  • in cattle, sheep, goats, & wild Ru, gross GIT lesions are similar as in Mucosal Disease; therefore, it cannot be distinguished from BVD based on gross exam, if upper respiratory tract & other organs are not affected
  • histologically, Rinderpest is characterized by inclusion bodies & syncytial cells, neither of which is present in BVD
  • epidemiology is also different
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55
Q

What is malignant catarrhal fever?

A
  • caused by gamma- herpesvirus
  • occurs in a variety of Bovidae (including bison) & Cervidae families
  • MCFV loves epithelium, arterioles, & lymphoid tissue resulting in lymphoproliferation, vasculitis, & erosive-ulcerative mucosal & cutaneous lesions
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56
Q

What causes MCF in Canada & the USA?

A
  • MCF of cattle, bison, & deer is caused by cross-infection w/ Ovine Herpesvirus 2 or Caprine Herpesvirus 2
  • disease is not contagious among cattle & bison by direct contact
  • this is usually a sporadic disease (w/ only occasional outbreaks, esp. in bison), but mortality in affected animals is v high
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57
Q

Which organ systems are affected by MCF?

A
  • alimentary system, eyes, skin, respiratory system, urogenital system, lymphoid tissue, brain & meninges can be affected
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58
Q

How does MCF affect the alimentary system?

A
  • oral ulcerations are present in most cases
  • sometimes, ulcers in esophagus, forestomachs, & abomasum
  • occasionally, typhlocolitis (especially in deer)
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59
Q

How does MCF affect the eyes?

A
  • conjunctivitis, corneal edema, & uveitis
  • if present, these lesions are important for differentiation from BVD
60
Q

How does MCF affect the skin?

A
  • erosive/ulcerative dermatitis of muzzles/nares & around hooves & horns
  • sloughing of hooves may occur
  • more generalized skin lesions may develop but are uncommon
61
Q

How does MCF affect the respiratory system?

A
  • nasal discharge
  • occasionally mild fibrinous tracheitis & bronchitis
62
Q

How does MCF affect the urogenital system?

A
  • renal infarction or non-suppurative interstitial nephritis
  • hemorrhages in urinary bladder w/ hematuria
  • erosions in vagina & vulva
63
Q

How does MCF affect the lymphoid tissue?

A
  • generalized enlargement (lymphoid hyperplasia) of lymph nodes (except in bison)
64
Q

How does MCF affect the brain & meninges?

A
  • can be affected by microscopic inflammation & vasculitis; hence sometimes affected animals have CNS clinical signs
65
Q

What is the pathogenesis of MCF lesions?

A
  • it’s related to VASCULITIS/ARTERITIS (lymphoblastic & fibrinoid) (presumably causing ischemia) & subsequent erosions/ulcerations
  • LYMPHOPROLIFERATION is the cause of enlarged lymph nodes
66
Q

How do we diagnose MCF?

A
  • histopathology is pathognomonic
  • identification of virus by PCR
67
Q

How do we differentiate btwn BVD & MCF?

A
  • differentiation of acute severe BVD & mucosal disease from MCF is sometimes difficult on gross exam
  • but MCF usually affects one or more additional organ systems or tissues (ex: eye, kidney, bladder, brain, tracheobronchial tree) not involved in Mucosal Disease,
  • MCF typically produces lymphoid hyperplasia in cattle, whereas lymphoid tissue in BVD infections is depleted
68
Q

What is Bluetongue?

A
  • an arthropod (Culicoides) born Orbivirus infection that causes widespread damage to endothelial cells
  • resulting in hemorrhages & microvascular thrombosis followed by ischemic necrosis characteristic for multisystemic gross changes
  • ex: edema, congestion, hemorrhage, & cyanosis of gums & tongue
69
Q

What is pathognomonic for Bluetongue?

A
  • focal hemorrhage in tunica media at the base of the pulmonary artery
70
Q

Who does bluetongue predominantly affect?

A
  • sheep & wild Ru in USA
  • occasionally in Okanagan Valley in BC
71
Q

What causes epizootic hemorrhagic disease in deer?

A
  • caused by a related serotype of the blue tongue virus
  • present in USA & Canada
72
Q

What is alimentary Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

A
  • IBR virus can cause systemic infection in neonatal calves (up to 1 month)
  • IBR associated w/ respiratory diseases & abortions will be covered by other instructors
73
Q

What are the major lesions of alimentary IBR?

A
  • erosive stomatitis, esophagitis, rumenitis, & abomasitis
  • hepatic necrosis
  • mild rhinotracheitis
74
Q

Symptoms of Feline calicivirus?

A

oral erosions, interstitial pneumonia, conjunctivitis, & occasionally arthritis

75
Q

What is Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)?

A
  • “pseudo-rinderpest of small ruminants”
  • in goats & sheep
  • lesions are similar to Rinderpest, but also pneumonia is present
  • caused also by a morbillivirus different from Rinderpest (not in North America)
76
Q

What are the three types of herpesvirus in primates?

A
  1. Herpesvirus B
  2. Herpes simplex
  3. Thrush
77
Q

What is Herpesvirus B?

A
  • Macacine herpesvirus 1
  • causes mild stomatitis in macaque monkeys (esp. rhesus monkeys)
  • in humans can result in fatal encephalomyelitis or severe neurologic impairment
  • important for lab animal vets!
78
Q

What is Herpes Simplex?

A
  • Herpesvirus hominis type I
  • mild stomatitis in humans (cold sores)
  • but infected owl monkeys & gibbons may die due to meningoencephalitis
79
Q

What is thrush?

A
  • superficial colonization of oral mucosa by Candida spp. due to antibiotic therapy &/or high blood glucose (IV administration or diabetes mellitus)
80
Q

What are noninfectious etiologies for erosive/ulcerative stomatides?

A
  • foreign bodies, uremia in dogs, or idiopathic
81
Q

What kind of foreign bodies can cause erosive/ulcerative stomatides?

A
  • barley & foxtail awns, porcupine quills
82
Q

Where do erosive or ulcerative stomatides occur w/ uremia in dogs?

A
  • buccal & lingual erosions/ulcers often occur adjacent to the openings of the salivary ducts
83
Q

What is the pathogenesis of erosive or ulcerative stomatides due to uremia in dogs?

A

not clear but suspected to be one of two potential processes:

  • ammonia (produced from salivary urea by urease-producing bacteria in the oral cavity) has a caustic effect om the oral mucosal mbs
  • experimental antibody production against urease renders some intestinal bacteria nonpathogenic & prevents uremic colitis, which indicates the importance of urease in the pathogenesis of ulceration
  • however, there is poor correlation btwn the levels of blood urea & the development of uremic stomatitis, suggesting other important factors -> potentially potentiated by mechanical abrasion)
  • uremic vasculitis & impaired microvascular perfusion to oral mucosa potentially contributes to pathogenesis of ulceration which may be potentiated by mechanical friction
84
Q

What has an idiopathic etiology for erosive/ulcerative stomatitis?

A
  • Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis in cats
  • hypothetically associated w/ presence of bacteria (plaque/tartar) or calicivirus in immunocompromised cats infected w/ FeLV &/or FIV
85
Q

What are the clinical signs of Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis in cats?

A
  • red & inflamed gingiva (occasionally hyperplastic & ulcerated), halitosis, & inappetence
86
Q

What are the clinical signs of FIV?

A
  • gingivitis is most consistent, but not a specific sign of FIV infection
  • associated w/ a reduction in CD4 lymphocytes, thymic atrophy, & lymph node atrophy
87
Q

What are parapox stomatitides?

A
  • proliferative stomatitides
  • may look erosive but there is also epithelial proliferation
88
Q

what lesions are typical of a pox viral infection?

A
  • macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, scabs (ruptured pustules -> erosions covered w/ exudate w/ the proliferation of the epithelium)
89
Q

Where are the lesions of bovine papular stomatitis?

A
  • target lesions/erosions (in the early stage) in the mouth of young cattle, but also can occur in esophagus, rumen, & omasum as well as on the teats
  • may appear erosive or proliferative
90
Q

What is the zoonosis of bovine papular stomatitis?

A

milker’s nodules

91
Q

What is contagious ecthyma?

A
  • in sheep & goats
  • aka sore mouth, infectious pustular dermatitis, or orf
92
Q

What are the lesions of contagious ecthyma?

A
  • proliferative, crusting dermatitis of mucocutaneous junction (lips commissure, eyelids, anus), udder, teats, & coronary bands
93
Q

What is the morbidity, mortality, economic importance, & zoonosis of contagious ecthyma?

A
  • high morbidity
  • low mortality
  • economic importance due to weightloss
  • yes zoonotic (orf)
94
Q

What are the different types of deep stomatitis ?

A
  • necrotizing (necrotic) stomatitis
  • noma
  • Actinobacillosis
  • eosinophilic stomatitis
95
Q

What spp does necrotizing (necrotic) stomatitis occur in?

A
  • cattle, sheep, pigs
96
Q

What is necrotizing (necrotic) stomatitis?

A
  • the end-stage of any forms of stomatitis when they are complicated by infection w/ Fusobacterium necrophorum that causes severe coagulation necrosis (by proteases)
97
Q

What is necrotizing (necrotic) stomatitis sometimes called in cattle?

A

oral necrobacillosis (calf diphtheria or laryngeal necrobacillosis or necrotic laryngitis if the arytenoid cartilage is affected - barker calf)

98
Q

What lesions are seen w/ necrotizing (necrotic) stomatitis?

A
  • well demarcated foci of coagulation necrosis in the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx
99
Q

What clinical signs are seen w/ necrotizing (necrotic) stomatitis?

A

swollen cheeks, inappetence, pyrexia, & halitosis

100
Q

what can happen w/ a severe infection of necrotizing (necrotic) stomatitis?

A

it may become systemic

101
Q

What is Noma?

A
  • a gangrenous stomatitis associated w/ spirochetes & fusiform bacteria
102
Q

What species does Noma affect?

A
  • although rare, it affects primates, horses, & snakes
103
Q

what lesions are associated w/ Noma?

A
  • severe necrotizing gingivitis sometimes extending into the adjacent bone causing osteolysis & sometimes death
104
Q

Who is Actinobacillus lignieresii?

A
  • gram (-) bacillus that is an opportunistic invader of damaged lingual tissue, mainly in bovids & occasionally in equids & small Ru
  • it can spread via lymphatic vessels to regional lymph nodes & cause a similar inflammatory response
  • causes Actinobacillosis (“wooden tongue”)
105
Q

What is Actinobacillosis (“wooden tongue”)?

A
  • pyogranulomas resulting from infection w/ bacteria (centrally located actinobacilli w/in pus0 surrounded by granulomatous inflammation (hence pyogranuloma)
  • inflammation & fibrosis cause increased firmness of the tongue - “wooden tongue”
106
Q

What should we be careful not to confuse Actinobacillosis (“wooden tongue”) w/?

A
  • Actinomycosis (“lumpy jaw”) which is caused by Actinomyces bovis (Gram +)
  • process is the same (pyogranulomatous inflammation), but in lumpy jaw bones are affected while in wooden tongue soft tissues are
107
Q

what is eosinophilic stomatitis?

A
  • oral eosinophilic granulomas or ulcers (“rodent ulcers”) occur frequently in cats & occasionally dogs
  • based on histologic appearance, considered to be an immune-mediated disease
108
Q

What lesions are grouped into the eosinophilic granuloma complex of cats?

A
  • eosinophilic oral granulomas or ulcers, cutaneous linear (collagenolytic) granulomas, & cutaneous eosinophilic dermal plaques
  • the latter two lesions are strictly cutaneous & do not affect the oral cavity
109
Q
A

hypoplastic cerebellum due to fetal BVD infection

110
Q
A

Enamel hypoplasia in newborn calf due to fetal BVD infection

111
Q

What disease causes these lesions?

A

BVD

112
Q

disease?

A

BVD

113
Q

Difference btwn BVD & FMD?

A

FMD only affects epithelial tissues which BVD affects epithelial and lymphoid tissues

114
Q

What is this & what condition is it seen in?

A

Peyer’s Patch necrosis
- Mucosal disease of BVD

115
Q

How is MCF transmitted to cattle?

A
  • not transmitted btwn cattle, it is transmitted from sheep to cattle
115
Q
A

hemorrhagic teats in MCF in Bo

115
Q

disease & sp

A

MCF in Bo

115
Q
A

ulceration of the tongue in MCF of Bo

116
Q
A

Ptyalism due to MCF in Bo

117
Q
A

What is fibrinous rhinitis in MCF in Bo

118
Q
A

laryngitis in MCF in Bo

119
Q
A

Nephritis in MCF in Bo

120
Q
A

cystitis of the urinary bladder in MCF in Bo

121
Q
A

conjunctivitis w/ MCF in deer

122
Q
A

keratoconjunctivitis +/- edema of the cornea +/- uveitis w/ MCF in Bo

123
Q

disease?

A

Bluetongue

124
Q
A

erosive/ulcerative stomatitis from feline calicivirus

125
Q

disease?

A

erosions in the mouth due to Herpesvirus B

126
Q
A

Erosive/Ulcerative dermatitis due to porcupine quills

127
Q
A

uremic glossitis

128
Q
A

uremic stomatitis

129
Q
A

lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis

130
Q

what kind of superficial stomatitis are these?

A

proliferative stomatitis

131
Q
A

target lesions of Bovine papular stomatitis

132
Q
A

“milker’s nodules”
- zoonosis of Bovine Papular Stomatitis
- leads to smallpox immunity

133
Q

what is the pattern that all poxvirus lesions follow?

A
134
Q
A

contagious ecthyma (Orf)
- perioccular & perioral

135
Q
A

contagious ecthyma (Orf)
- teats

136
Q
A

zoonotic infection of orf

137
Q
A

necrotizing stomatitis “oral necrobacillosis”

138
Q
A

necrotizing laryngitis (or laryngeal necrobacillosis - barker calves)

139
Q
A

fibronecrotic stomatitis (noma) in a python

140
Q
A

actinobacillosis or “wooden tongue”

141
Q
A

actinobacillosis or “wooden tongue”

142
Q
A

eosinophilic granuloma

143
Q
A

eosinophilic granuloma complex or “rodent ulcers”

Sys Path II (11 decks)

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