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Sys Path II > Oral Cavity, Developmental Anomalies, & Teeth > Flashcards

Oral Cavity, Developmental Anomalies, & Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the postmortem exam of the oral cavity and the esophagus?

A
  • conduct external exam of lips & muzzle
  • split the mandibular symphysis & remove the tongue, hyoid bones, larynx, trachea, & esophagus via ventral midline skin incision
  • expose & examine buccal cavities, dental arcades, palate, pharynx, including retropharyngeal lymph nodes, tonsils, & tongue
  • open the entire esophagus & the mucosa & tunica muscularis
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2
Q

What is a physiologically normal oral mucosa?

A

smooth, shiny, pink (if not pigmented)

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3
Q

What lines the oral cavity?

A

stratified squamous epithelium (mucous mbs)

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4
Q

What are developmental anomalies of the oral cavity?

A
  • palatoschisis (cleft palate)
  • brachygnathia superior (short maxillae)
  • brachygnathia inferior (short mandibiles)
  • prognathism (long mandible)
  • agnathia (absence of mandible)
  • epitheliogenesis imperfecta (absence of epithelium of oral cavity &/or skin)
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5
Q

What is cheiloschisis?

A

cleft lip or hare lip

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6
Q

what is the most common developmental anomaly of the oral cavity?

A

palatochisis

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7
Q

what is the etiology of palatoschisis?

A

genetic or toxic

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8
Q

what is the pathology of palatoschisis?

A

failure of fusion of the frontonasal and maxillary plates

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9
Q

What are important clinical sequelae to palatoschisis?

A
  • starvation (inability to suck)
  • nasal regurgitation
  • aspiration pneumonia
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10
Q

What is the etiology of palatoschisis in dogs?

A
  • genetic abnormalities (ethical concerns whether to correct surgically such defects w/o also sterilizing the dog)
  • associated w/ excessive intake of vitamin A during gestation
  • administration of cortisone during gestation
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11
Q
A

Palatoschisis (cleft palate)

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12
Q
A

brachygnathia superior

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13
Q
A
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14
Q
A

prognathia

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15
Q
A

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta
- we euth these animals, in humans there are attempts to correct

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16
Q
A

epitheliogenesis imperfecta

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17
Q

what are the different types of dental disease?

A
  • dental dysgenesis (odontogenic cysts)
  • enamel hypoplasia
  • abnormalities of wear
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18
Q

What are brachydont teeth?

A
  • in carnivores
  • do not continue to grow after they are fully erupted
  • consist of crown, neck, root, enamel covering crown, cementum covering root
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19
Q

What are hypsodont teeth?

A
  • in Eq & Ru
  • have elongated body covered by enamel & cementum & continue to grow throughout life
  • the cementum & enamel invaginate into the dentin, forming the infundibulum
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20
Q

What is an anomaly of tooth development?

A

segmental enamel hypoplasia

21
Q

What is the pathology & etiology of segmental enamel hypoplasia in dogs?

A
  • postnatal infection w/ canine distemper virus
  • damage to ameloblasts (cells that produce enamel) of permanent teeth before eruption will result in segmental enamel hypoplasia
  • after the virus is cleared, structure & function of the enamel organ return to normal
  • thus, segmental enamel hypoplasia results from the lack of enamel formation during the period of virus infection
22
Q

What is the pathology & etiology of segmental enamel hypoplasia in calves?

A
  • hypoplasia of enamel of deciduous teeth sometimes caused by in utero infection with BVD
  • after the virus is cleared, structure & function of the enamel organ return to normal
  • thus, segmental enamel hypoplasia results from the lack of enamel formation during the period of virus infection
23
Q

Who are abnormalities of wear most common in?

A

herbivores

24
Q

what do abnormalities of wear result from?

A
  • congenital or acquired irregularities in dental arcade or interference w/ mastication: protrusion of tooth, unilateral failure to wear
25
Q

What is dental attrition?

A

dental wear that results in improper mastication & malnutrition (“step-mouth” or “broken mouth”)

26
Q

What is malocclusion?

A
  • failure of the upper jaw & lower incisors to oppose properly & it results from abnormal jaw conformation or rarely from abnormal tooth eruption patterns
  • this is “normal” in some dogs (brachycephalic breeds)
27
Q

what happens if rodents & rabbits are not provided w/ sufficient roughage in their diets?

A

teeth (both incisors & cheek teeth) overgrow &”lock” the jaw

28
Q

What may explain emaciation or cachexia?

A

abnormalities of wear of teeth

29
Q

What is important about wear in hypsodont teeth?

A
  • in Eq & Ru cheek teeth
  • continue to grow throughout life
  • appropriate leveling of the occlusive surfaces (floating) may be a necessary procedure to prevent malocclusion & sharp edges that can lacerate the adjacent buccal mucosa as the Eq ages
30
Q

What can exposure of dentin or the pulp canal lead to in all spp?

A

dental infection w/ serious consequences

31
Q

What are caries?

A
  • microbial destruction or necrosis of teeth
  • damaged enamel cannot be regenerated or repaired
32
Q

Who gets caries?

A
  • domestic animal spp seldom get caries
  • in Eq & Ru: it is the most common consequence of infundibular impaction & infundibular necrosis (usually in cheek teeth)
33
Q

what can caries &/or periodontitis lead to?

A

tooth abscesses

34
Q

What is dental plaque?

A

non-calcified accumulation of mainly microorganisms & their products that adheres to the teeth

35
Q

what is dental calculus (tartar)?

A

calcified plaque deposits formed around the teeth
- may appear as supragingival or sub gingival calculus

36
Q

What does the buildup of dental plaques and tartar predispose to?

A

caries, gingivitis, paradental stomatitis & periodontal diseases, & tooth loss

37
Q

What happens along w/ gingival recession in brachydont animals?

A
  • tooth root is not covered by enamel
  • receding gum line exposes dentin, resulting in pain & invasion by bacteria
38
Q

What is periodontal disease?

A
  • dental plaque & tartar (calculus) predispose to gingivitis & gingival recession w/ ultimate loss of the periodontal ligament & alveolar bone & eventual loosening & loss of the tooth
39
Q

What can the spread of the infection during periodontal disease result in?

A

causes alveolar osteomyelitis & pulpitis & can result in apical abscesses & bacteremia

40
Q

what are the symptoms of periodontal disease?

A
  • significant oral pain, reluctance to masticate & halitosis
41
Q

Who gets periodontal disease?

A
  • common in carnivores & humans
  • affects most domestic mammals
42
Q

how do you prevent periodontal disease?

A
  • mildly abrasive diets & brushing of the teeth of pet carnivores
  • combined w/ regular dental exams
43
Q
A

Dentigerous cyst

44
Q
A

enamel hypoplasia in young dog

45
Q
A

enamel hypoplasia in newborn calf

46
Q
A

Dental attrition (“step-mouth” or “broken mouth”)

47
Q
A

overgrown teeth/malocclusion

48
Q
A

infundibular impaction leading to caries

49
Q
A

Dental plaque or tartar

Sys Path II (11 decks)

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