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Sys Path II > Oral Mucosal Hyperplasia & Neoplasia > Flashcards

Oral Mucosal Hyperplasia & Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

where are Oral Mucosal Hyperplasia & Neoplasia most common in vet med?

A

in dogs & cats

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2
Q

What is hyperplastic gingivitis?

A
  • usually associated w/ periodontal disease & chronic irritation by plaque or tartar that initially starts as inflammation (gingivitis) but can progress to severe hyperplastic gingivitis
  • this needs to be differentiated by histopathology from gingival hyperplasia & epulis
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3
Q

What is gingival hyperplasia (hypertrophy) in dogs?

A
  • simple overgrowth of gum tissue consisting of the fibrous submucosa lined by hyperplastic gingival epithelium which is not driven by an inflammatory process as in hyperplastic gingivitis
  • grossly it can be indistinguishable from gingival epulis
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4
Q

Why is it important to distinguish btwn hyperplastic gingivitis & gingival hyperplasia?

A

b/c different treatment & prognosis (in some cases)

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5
Q

Who is gingival hyperplasia most common in?

A

brachycephalic dog breeds & is present in ~30% of boxers older than 5 years

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6
Q

What causes gingival hyperplasia?

A
  • breed predisposition, medications (immunosuppressants, Ca-channel blockers, anticonvulsants), idiopathic
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7
Q

What is canine oral papillomatosis?

A
  • it is papillomavirus induced, transmissible, & occurs in animals younger than 1 year
  • lesions usually regress spontaneously & immunity is long-lasting
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8
Q

What is an epulis?

A

nonspecific exophytic gingival mass

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9
Q

what is a fibromatous epulis (peripheral odontogenic fibroma)?

A
  • of periodontal ligament origin
  • a benign tumour of dental mesenchyme
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10
Q

What is a Acanthomatous ameloblastoma (Acanthomatous epulis)?

A
  • benign but invasive tumour that arises from epithelial tooth germ
  • invasion & distraction of bone is common
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11
Q

How do you differentiate a Acanthomatous ameloblastoma (Acanthomatous epulis) from a fibromatous epulis?

A

Histology

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12
Q

How do you cure a Acanthomatous ameloblastoma (Acanthomatous epulis)?

A

radical & complete excision (ex: partial mandibulectomy)

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13
Q

What are the malignant oral tumours of dogs? (listed in order of frequency)

A
  • oral melanoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • fibrosarcoma
  • osteosarcoma
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14
Q

What is the prognosis for oral melanoma in dogs?

A
  • “kiss of death” (70% have distant mets)
  • melanotic & amelanotic types, but no prognostic difference
    (remember not all of them are black on gross exam)
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15
Q

Is there therapy for an oral melanoma in dogs?

A
  • therapy (ex: radiation) improves life, but is not curative, due to early distant metastasis
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16
Q

What is the prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinomas in dogs?

A
  • less aggressive than feline SCC
  • locally invasive & regional lymph node metastasis
  • initially only locally invasive, hence early diagnosis & radical excision is imperative for prolonged survival
  • various locations -> different prognoses (tonsilar SCC has shorter survival (>60% distant mets & very invasive) than gingival SCC (<5% distant mets but locally invasive)
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17
Q

What is the prognosis for oral fibrosarcoma in dogs?

A
  • usually locally invasive (< 20% distant mets)
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18
Q

What is the prognosis for oral Osteosarcoma in dogs?

A
  • better compared to limb osteosarcoma due to its lower metastatic potential
  • even w/ radical therapy, median survival ranges btwn 6 & 18 months (longer for mandibular than maxillary origin)
19
Q

What are benign masses of cat mouths?

A
  • “nothing good grows in a cat’s mouth” is a useful generalization but not completely correct
  • oral eosinophilic granulomas are benign masses
  • exuberant granulation tissue at sites of previous ulceration can present like a nodular mass (this is a benign process secondary to a problem w/ healing or repair)
20
Q

What are malignant oral tumours in cats?

A
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • oral lymphosarcoma & fibrosarcoma
21
Q

What are oral squamous cell carcinomas in cats like?

A
  • most common oral neoplasia in cats & it is much more aggressive than its canine counterpart
  • initially feline SCCs may not look proliferative & often present as a mildly osteolytic lesion of the tooth sockets or subgingival bone or as non-healing sublingual ulcers
  • feline SCCs are often quite aggressive & invade local subadjacent tissues, regional lymph nodes, & may have distant metastasis
  • postoperative survival is less than 1 year in the majority of cases
22
Q

Frequency of oral lymphosarcoma & fibrosarcomas in cats?

A

occur but not as frequently as SCCs

23
Q

What therapeutic results do we see with oral melanomas in dogs & oral squamous cell carcinomas in cats?

A
  • it seems that various therapeutic approaches improve greatly the quality of life & postpone the need for premature euthanasia, however overall eventual case fatality rates remain the same
24
Q

How do oral papillomas behave in dogs?

A

usually self-limiting by developed long lasting immunity

25
Q

How does gingival oral hyperplasia behave in dogs?

A

benign

26
Q

How do oral fibromatous epulis behave in dogs?

A

benign

27
Q

How do oral acanthomatous ameloblastomas behave in dogs?

A

locally invasive

28
Q

How do oral melanomas behave in dogs?

A

locally invasive & highly metastatic - distant mets

29
Q

How do oral squamous cell carcinomas behave in dogs?

A

locally invasive w/ local LN metastasis

30
Q

How do oral fibrosarcomas behave in dogs?

A

locally invasive w/ local LN metastasis

31
Q

How does oral eosinophilic granulomas behave in cats?

A

benign

32
Q

How do oral squamous cell carcinomas behave in cats?

A

locally invasive w/ LN & potential distant metastasis

33
Q

How do oral fibrosarcomas behave in cats?

A
  • locally invasive with LN metastasis
34
Q

How do oral lymphosarcomas behave in cats?

A

(rare)
- poor prognosis if multicentric

35
Q
A

hyperplastic gingivitis

36
Q
A

gingival hyperplasia

37
Q
A

gingival hyperplasia

38
Q
A

gingival epulis (gingival mass or tumour)

39
Q
A

fibromatous epulis w/ lymphoplasmacytic hyperplastic gingivitis

40
Q
A

oral melanoma

41
Q
A

oral fibrosarcoma

42
Q
A

squamous cell carcinoma in Fe

43
Q

Benign vs malignant, invasive vs non-invasive, and the most common canine invasive oral tumours?

A

Sys Path II (11 decks)

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