Stomas Flashcards
What is a stoma?
Pass faecal matter or urine from the body – surgically formed.
What are the three groups of stoma?
o Ileostomy: formed by bringing ileum to the surface of the abdomen
o Colostomy: bringing the colon to the abdomen
o Urostomy: when a patient’s bladder has been removed or becomes dysfunctional
What is an end and loop colostomy/ileostomy?
END = when parts of the colon have been removed, the END is brought to the surface as a stoma. Can be permanent or temporary (when distal bowel needs to rest e.g. rectum is retained after removal of some of the bowel); LOOP = intact bowel brought to the surface and a cut is made in the bowel. The ends are rolled and sewn onto the skin creating a double-barrelled stoma. This is typically a temporary measure in acute situations.
What are the different types of colostomy? (x2 and x2)
End and loop; transverse loop and sigmoid loop colostomy (both loop colostomies)
What are the different types of ileostomy?
End and loop ileostomy – at distal ileum.
What is right hemicolectomy?
Removal of right side of colon and anastomose the remaining ends.
What is sigmoid colectomy?
Sigmoid colon removed and anastomose the remaining ends.
What is low anterior resection of rectum?
Lower portion of rectum and lower part of sigmoid colon are excised, and ends are anastomosed. A temporary loop ileostomy is formed to protect the anastomose.
What is a high anterior resection of rectum?
Aka recto-sigmoid resection. Proximal rectum and sigmoid colon removed and anastomosed ends. Sometimes, a loop colostomy or loop ileostomy is formed temporarily.
What is a left hemicolectomy?
Left side of colon is resected and ends anastomosed.
What is Hartmann’s Procedure?
Sigmoid colon and upper rectum are removed, and an end colostomy is formed. Performed when cancer is in the region or in diverticulitis.
What is abdominoperineal resection or rectum?
The sigmoid colon, rectum and anus are removed, resulting in abdominal and perineal wound and formation of an end colostomy. Commonly performed on rectal cancer.
What is pan proctocolectomy?
Removal of whole colon, rectum and anus and an end ileostomy is formed. Currently undertaken as a curative step in UC, and also in Crohn’s Disease and familial polyposis.
What is a total colectomy?
The colon is removed but the anus and rectal stump (distal rectum) are left in situ and an end ileostomy is formed. Indications are the same as pan proctocolectomy, but it can be done more quickly in an emergency. Ileo-rectal anastomoses, proctectomy, or formation of an ileo-anal pouch may be carried out at a later date.
What is a urostomy?
Ileum is used to connect ureters and bring to surface
How do you differentiate end ileostomy and colostomy on inspection? (x3)
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