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2.4 Anatomy > Stomach, Duodenum, Spleen, Pancreas > Flashcards

Stomach, Duodenum, Spleen, Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

/What are the functions of the stomach

A

Acts as a storage tank for food
Site of initial food breakdown
Chemical breakdown of proteins begin
Delivers chyme to small intestine

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2
Q

Where does the stomach lie in the supine position?

A

Left and right upper quadrants
Epigastric, umbilical, left hypochondrium, and left flank regions

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3
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part

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4
Q

What does the cardia of the stomach surround?

A

It sounds the cardial orifice

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5
Q

What is the cardial orifice?

A

The superior opening/inlet of the stomach

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6
Q

Where does the cardial orifice lie in the supine position?

A

Posterior to left 6th costal cartilage, 2-4cm from medial plane at the level of T11

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7
Q

What is the fundus?

A

The dilated superior part of the stomach related to the left dome of the diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the fundus limited inferiorly by?

A

Horizontal plane of the cardial orifice

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9
Q

Where does the fundus lie in the supine position?

A

Posterior to left 6th rib in the MCL

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10
Q

Where does the body of the stomach extend from?

A

Fundus to pyloric antrum

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11
Q

What is the pyloric part of the stomach?

A

It is the funnel-shaped outflow region of the stomach

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12
Q

What is the widest part of the pyloric part?

A

Pyloric antrum

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13
Q

What is the narrowest part of the pyloric part?

A

Pyloric canal

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14
Q

What is the pylorus?

A

It is the distal, sphincteric region of the pyloric part

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15
Q

What is the sphincter found in the pyloric part and what is it composed of?

A

Pyloric sphincter, which is a thickening of the circular muscles of the stomach

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16
Q

What is the pyloric orifice?

A

The inferior opening of the stomach leading to the duodenum

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17
Q

What is the level of the pylorus in the supine position?

A

L1

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18
Q

What are the curvatures of the stomach?

A

Greater curvature
Lesser curvature

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19
Q

What is the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Longer, convex, left border of the stomach

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20
Q

What does the greater curvature of the stomach provide attachment for?

A

Greater omentum

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21
Q

What is the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Shorter, concave, right border of the stomach

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22
Q

Where is the cardial notch located?

A

Between the oesophagus and fundus

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23
Q

Where is the angular incisure/notch located?

A

Between the body and pyloric part

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24
Q

What does the lesser curvature provide attachment for?

A

Lesser omentum

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25
Q

What are the folds of circular muscle within the stomach that appear as longitudinal wrinkles/ridges?

A

Gastric folds or rugae

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26
Q

Which structures lie anterior to the stomach?

A

Diaphragm
Left lobe of liver
Left costal margin
Anterior abdominal wall

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27
Q

Which structures lie posterior to the stomach?

A

Omental bursa
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon
Transverse colon
Left kidney and suprarenal gland
Spleen and splenic artery

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28
Q

Which structures lie superior to the stomach?

A

Left dome of the diaphragm

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29
Q

Which structures form the bed of the stomach, from superior to inferior?

A

Structures forming the posterior wall of the omental bursa
Left dome of diaphragm
Spleen
Left kidney and suprarenal gland
Splenic artery
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon

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30
Q

Which arteries supply the stomach?

A

Left gastric artery
Right gastric artery
Left gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery
Right gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery
Short gastric arteries
Posterior gastric artery

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31
Q

Which veins drain the stomach?

A

Right and left gastric veins -> hepatic vein
Short gastric vein and left gastroepiploic vein -> splenic vein
Right gastroepiploic vein -> SMV
Prepyloric vein

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32
Q

Which lymph vessels drain the superior 2/3 of the stomach?

A

Lymph drains along the right and left gastric vessels to the gastric lymph nodes

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33
Q

Where does lymph from the fundus and body of the stomach drain?

A

Drains along the short gastric arteries and gastro-omental vessels to the pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes

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34
Q

Where does lymph from the right 2/3 and inferior 1/3 of the stomach drain?

A

Drains along the right gastro-omental vessels to the pyloric lymph nodes

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35
Q

Where does lymph from the left 1/3 of the greater curvature drain?

A

Drains into the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes

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36
Q

Where does the duodenum begin and end?

A

It begins at the pylorus to the right and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure/junction on the left

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37
Q

At what vertebral level does the duodenojejunal flexure occur?

A

L2

38
Q

What are the parts of the duodenum?

A

Superior/First part
Descending/Second part
Inferior/Third part
Ascending/Fourth part

39
Q

What is the vertebral level of the superior part of the duodenum?

A

L1 - it lies anterolateral to the body of L1

40
Q

What is the ampulla of the duodenum (duodenal cap)?

A

The first 2cm of the superior part of the duodenum that has mesentery and is mobile

41
Q

What overlaps the first part of the duodenum?

A

Liver and gallbladder

42
Q

What attaches to the proximal part of the superior duodenum?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament superiorly
Greater omentum inferiorly

43
Q

What is the length of the first part of the duodenum?

A

5cm

44
Q

What is the length of the descending duodenum?

A

7-10 cm

45
Q

What is the vertebral level of the descending duodenum?

A

Right sides from L1-L3

46
Q

What does the second part of the duodenum curve around?

A

The head of the pancreas

47
Q

What opens into the posteromedial wall of the descending duodenum?

A

Bile and pancreatic ducts into the major duodenal papilla

48
Q

Is the descending part of the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

49
Q

What is the length of the inferior part of the duodenum?

A

6-8cm

50
Q

At which vertebral level does the inferior part of the duodenum lie?

A

It crosses L3

51
Q

What does the third part of the duodenum cross on its path?

A

Aorta, IVC and L3

52
Q

What crosses the inferior part of the duodenum?

A

Superior mesenteric artery and vein
Root of mesentery

53
Q

What lies superior to the third part of the duodenum?

A

Head of the pancreas and uncinate process

54
Q

What separated the inferior part of the duodenum from the vertebral column?

A

Right psoas major
Aorta
IVC
Right gonadal vessels

55
Q

What is the length of the ascending duodenum?

A

5cm

56
Q

What vertebral level does the ascending part of the duodenum lie?

A

It begins to the left of L3 and runs superiorly to the superior border of L2

57
Q

What supports the duodenum at the duodenojejunal junction?

A

Suspensory muscle of the duodenum or Ligament of Treitz

58
Q

Where does the ligament of Treitz originate from?

A

Right crus of the diaphragm

59
Q

Which arteries supply the duodenum?

A

Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

60
Q

Which veins drain the duodenum?

A

Veins follow the arteries to drain into the hepatic portal vein directly, or the SMV or splenic vein indirectly

61
Q

Where do the anterior lymphatic vessels of the duodenum drain?

A

Pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes into the pyloric lymph nodes

62
Q

Where do the posterior lymphatic vessels of the duodenum drain?

A

Pass posterior to the head of the pancreas to drain into the superior mesenteric lymph nodes

63
Q

Where do efferent vessels from the duodenal lymph nodes drain?

A

Celiac lymph nodes

64
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

Superolateral part of the left upper quadrant or left hypochondrium

65
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

It is the largest lymphatic organ and participates in the body’s defence system as a site of lymphocyte proliferation and of immune surveillance and response
Prenatally, it is a haematopoietic organ.
After birth it is involved in identifying, removing and destroying expanded RBCs and broken down platelets
Recycling iron and globin
Blood-reservoir, storing RBCs and platelets

66
Q

Which part of the spleen is not covered by peritoneum?

A

The splenic hilum

67
Q

What are the surfaces of the spleen?

A

Diaphragmatic surface
Visceral surface

68
Q

What is the difference between the anterior and superior borders of the spleen to the posterior and inferior borders of the spleen?

A

Anterior and superior = notched
Posterior and inferior = rounded

69
Q

What is the thin fibrous capsule of the spleen composed of?

A

Dense, irregular, fibroelastic connective tissue that is thickened at the splenic hilum

70
Q

Which ligaments attach the spleen to the stomach and kidney?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament

71
Q

What lies anteriorly to the spleen?

A

Stomach

72
Q

What lies posteriorly to the spleen?

A

Left hemidiaphragm, which separates it from the pleura, lungs and ribs 9-11

73
Q

What lies inferiorly to the spleen?

A

Left colic flexure

74
Q

What lies medially to the spleen?

A

Left kidney

75
Q

What are the impressions found on the spleen?

A

Gastric impression
Renal impression
Colic impression

76
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

Exocrine secretions from the acinar cells
Endocrine secretions from the pancreatic islets

77
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A

Head, neck, body and tail

78
Q

What does the head of the pancreas attach to?

A

Medial aspect of the descending and horizontal parts of the duodenum

79
Q

What is the uncinate process?

A

This is a projection from the inferior part of the pancreatic head, which extends medially to the left, posterior to the SMA

80
Q

What is located posterior to the pancreatic head?

A

IVC
Right renal artery and vein
Left renal vein

81
Q

Which vessels are overlied by the pancreatic neck?

A

Superior mesenteric vessels

82
Q

What union occurs posterior to the pancreatic neck?

A

The union of the splenic vein and SMV to form the portal vein

83
Q

What is the posterior surface of the body of the pancreas in contact with?

A

Aorta
SMA
Left suprarenal gland
Left kidney
Left renal vessels

84
Q

What is the tail of the pancreas related to?

A

Splenic hilum and splenic flexure

85
Q

Which ligament does the tail of the pancreas lie in?

A

Splenorenal ligament

86
Q

Where does the main pancreatic duct being and run through?

A

It begins in the tail of the pancreas and runs through the parenchyma of the gland to the head

87
Q

What does the union of the main pancreatic duct and bile duct form?

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

88
Q

Where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla open into?

A

It opens into the second part of the duodenum into the major duodenal papilla

89
Q

What is the sphincter located around the ampulla of Vater?

A

The sphincter of Oddi

90
Q

Where does the accessory pancreatic duct open into?

A

Minor duodenal papilla

2.4 Anatomy (10 decks)

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