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2.4 Anatomy > Stomach, Duodenum, Spleen, Pancreas > Flashcards

Stomach, Duodenum, Spleen, Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

/What are the functions of the stomach

A

Acts as a storage tank for food
Site of initial food breakdown
Chemical breakdown of proteins begin
Delivers chyme to small intestine

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2
Q

Where does the stomach lie in the supine position?

A

Left and right upper quadrants
Epigastric, umbilical, left hypochondrium, and left flank regions

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3
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part

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4
Q

What does the cardia of the stomach surround?

A

It sounds the cardial orifice

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5
Q

What is the cardial orifice?

A

The superior opening/inlet of the stomach

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6
Q

Where does the cardial orifice lie in the supine position?

A

Posterior to left 6th costal cartilage, 2-4cm from medial plane at the level of T11

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7
Q

What is the fundus?

A

The dilated superior part of the stomach related to the left dome of the diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the fundus limited inferiorly by?

A

Horizontal plane of the cardial orifice

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9
Q

Where does the fundus lie in the supine position?

A

Posterior to left 6th rib in the MCL

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10
Q

Where does the body of the stomach extend from?

A

Fundus to pyloric antrum

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11
Q

What is the pyloric part of the stomach?

A

It is the funnel-shaped outflow region of the stomach

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12
Q

What is the widest part of the pyloric part?

A

Pyloric antrum

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13
Q

What is the narrowest part of the pyloric part?

A

Pyloric canal

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14
Q

What is the pylorus?

A

It is the distal, sphincteric region of the pyloric part

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15
Q

What is the sphincter found in the pyloric part and what is it composed of?

A

Pyloric sphincter, which is a thickening of the circular muscles of the stomach

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16
Q

What is the pyloric orifice?

A

The inferior opening of the stomach leading to the duodenum

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17
Q

What is the level of the pylorus in the supine position?

A

L1

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18
Q

What are the curvatures of the stomach?

A

Greater curvature
Lesser curvature

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19
Q

What is the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Longer, convex, left border of the stomach

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20
Q

What does the greater curvature of the stomach provide attachment for?

A

Greater omentum

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21
Q

What is the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Shorter, concave, right border of the stomach

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22
Q

Where is the cardial notch located?

A

Between the oesophagus and fundus

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23
Q

Where is the angular incisure/notch located?

A

Between the body and pyloric part

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24
Q

What does the lesser curvature provide attachment for?

A

Lesser omentum

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25
What are the folds of circular muscle within the stomach that appear as longitudinal wrinkles/ridges?
Gastric folds or rugae
26
Which structures lie anterior to the stomach?
Diaphragm Left lobe of liver Left costal margin Anterior abdominal wall
27
Which structures lie posterior to the stomach?
Omental bursa Pancreas Transverse mesocolon Transverse colon Left kidney and suprarenal gland Spleen and splenic artery
28
Which structures lie superior to the stomach?
Left dome of the diaphragm
29
Which structures form the bed of the stomach, from superior to inferior?
Structures forming the posterior wall of the omental bursa Left dome of diaphragm Spleen Left kidney and suprarenal gland Splenic artery Pancreas Transverse mesocolon
30
Which arteries supply the stomach?
Left gastric artery Right gastric artery Left gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery Right gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery Short gastric arteries Posterior gastric artery
31
Which veins drain the stomach?
Right and left gastric veins -> hepatic vein Short gastric vein and left gastroepiploic vein -> splenic vein Right gastroepiploic vein -> SMV Prepyloric vein
32
Which lymph vessels drain the superior 2/3 of the stomach?
Lymph drains along the right and left gastric vessels to the gastric lymph nodes
33
Where does lymph from the fundus and body of the stomach drain?
Drains along the short gastric arteries and gastro-omental vessels to the pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes
34
Where does lymph from the right 2/3 and inferior 1/3 of the stomach drain?
Drains along the right gastro-omental vessels to the pyloric lymph nodes
35
Where does lymph from the left 1/3 of the greater curvature drain?
Drains into the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
36
Where does the duodenum begin and end?
It begins at the pylorus to the right and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure/junction on the left
37
At what vertebral level does the duodenojejunal flexure occur?
L2
38
What are the parts of the duodenum?
Superior/First part Descending/Second part Inferior/Third part Ascending/Fourth part
39
What is the vertebral level of the superior part of the duodenum?
L1 - it lies anterolateral to the body of L1
40
What is the ampulla of the duodenum (duodenal cap)?
The first 2cm of the superior part of the duodenum that has mesentery and is mobile
41
What overlaps the first part of the duodenum?
Liver and gallbladder
42
What attaches to the proximal part of the superior duodenum?
Hepatoduodenal ligament superiorly Greater omentum inferiorly
43
What is the length of the first part of the duodenum?
5cm
44
What is the length of the descending duodenum?
7-10 cm
45
What is the vertebral level of the descending duodenum?
Right sides from L1-L3
46
What does the second part of the duodenum curve around?
The head of the pancreas
47
What opens into the posteromedial wall of the descending duodenum?
Bile and pancreatic ducts into the major duodenal papilla
48
Is the descending part of the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
49
What is the length of the inferior part of the duodenum?
6-8cm
50
At which vertebral level does the inferior part of the duodenum lie?
It crosses L3
51
What does the third part of the duodenum cross on its path?
Aorta, IVC and L3
52
What crosses the inferior part of the duodenum?
Superior mesenteric artery and vein Root of mesentery
53
What lies superior to the third part of the duodenum?
Head of the pancreas and uncinate process
54
What separated the inferior part of the duodenum from the vertebral column?
Right psoas major Aorta IVC Right gonadal vessels
55
What is the length of the ascending duodenum?
5cm
56
What vertebral level does the ascending part of the duodenum lie?
It begins to the left of L3 and runs superiorly to the superior border of L2
57
What supports the duodenum at the duodenojejunal junction?
Suspensory muscle of the duodenum or Ligament of Treitz
58
Where does the ligament of Treitz originate from?
Right crus of the diaphragm
59
Which arteries supply the duodenum?
Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
60
Which veins drain the duodenum?
Veins follow the arteries to drain into the hepatic portal vein directly, or the SMV or splenic vein indirectly
61
Where do the anterior lymphatic vessels of the duodenum drain?
Pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes into the pyloric lymph nodes
62
Where do the posterior lymphatic vessels of the duodenum drain?
Pass posterior to the head of the pancreas to drain into the superior mesenteric lymph nodes
63
Where do efferent vessels from the duodenal lymph nodes drain?
Celiac lymph nodes
64
Where is the spleen located?
Superolateral part of the left upper quadrant or left hypochondrium
65
What are the functions of the spleen?
It is the largest lymphatic organ and participates in the body's defence system as a site of lymphocyte proliferation and of immune surveillance and response Prenatally, it is a haematopoietic organ. After birth it is involved in identifying, removing and destroying expanded RBCs and broken down platelets Recycling iron and globin Blood-reservoir, storing RBCs and platelets
66
Which part of the spleen is not covered by peritoneum?
The splenic hilum
67
What are the surfaces of the spleen?
Diaphragmatic surface Visceral surface
68
What is the difference between the anterior and superior borders of the spleen to the posterior and inferior borders of the spleen?
Anterior and superior = notched Posterior and inferior = rounded
69
What is the thin fibrous capsule of the spleen composed of?
Dense, irregular, fibroelastic connective tissue that is thickened at the splenic hilum
70
Which ligaments attach the spleen to the stomach and kidney?
Gastrosplenic ligament Splenorenal ligament
71
What lies anteriorly to the spleen?
Stomach
72
What lies posteriorly to the spleen?
Left hemidiaphragm, which separates it from the pleura, lungs and ribs 9-11
73
What lies inferiorly to the spleen?
Left colic flexure
74
What lies medially to the spleen?
Left kidney
75
What are the impressions found on the spleen?
Gastric impression Renal impression Colic impression
76
What does the pancreas produce?
Exocrine secretions from the acinar cells Endocrine secretions from the pancreatic islets
77
What are the parts of the pancreas?
Head, neck, body and tail
78
What does the head of the pancreas attach to?
Medial aspect of the descending and horizontal parts of the duodenum
79
What is the uncinate process?
This is a projection from the inferior part of the pancreatic head, which extends medially to the left, posterior to the SMA
80
What is located posterior to the pancreatic head?
IVC Right renal artery and vein Left renal vein
81
Which vessels are overlied by the pancreatic neck?
Superior mesenteric vessels
82
What union occurs posterior to the pancreatic neck?
The union of the splenic vein and SMV to form the portal vein
83
What is the posterior surface of the body of the pancreas in contact with?
Aorta SMA Left suprarenal gland Left kidney Left renal vessels
84
What is the tail of the pancreas related to?
Splenic hilum and splenic flexure
85
Which ligament does the tail of the pancreas lie in?
Splenorenal ligament
86
Where does the main pancreatic duct being and run through?
It begins in the tail of the pancreas and runs through the parenchyma of the gland to the head
87
What does the union of the main pancreatic duct and bile duct form?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
88
Where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla open into?
It opens into the second part of the duodenum into the major duodenal papilla
89
What is the sphincter located around the ampulla of Vater?
The sphincter of Oddi
90
Where does the accessory pancreatic duct open into?
Minor duodenal papilla

2.4 Anatomy (10 decks)

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