Peritoneum

Question 1

What is peritoneum?

Answer 1

It is a thin, serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and reflects onto the viscera providing complete or partial covering.

Question 2

What are the 2 layers of peritoneum?

Answer 2

Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum

Question 3

What is found between the 2 layers of peritoneum?

Answer 3

The peritoneal cavity, which is normally filled with only a few mm of serous fluid

Question 4

What is parietal peritoneum?

Answer 4

The layer of peritoneum applied to the inner aspect of the abdominal and pelvic walls, and continues superiorly to the undersurface of the diaphragm

Question 5

Which somatic nerves serve the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 5

Those that provide sensory innervation to the body wall

Question 6

What is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?

Answer 6

Pain, touch, pressure, heat and cold

Question 7

Is pain poorly or well localised by the parietal peritoenum?

Answer 7

Well localised

Question 8

What does the parietal peritoneum form anteriorly?

Answer 8

It forms peritoneal folds containing structures and vessels from foetal development

Question 9

What parietal peritoneal folds are found below the umbilicus?

Answer 9

Median umbilical ligament
Medial umbilical ligament
Lateral umbilical ligament

Question 10

What does the median umbilical ligament contain?

Answer 10

Urachus

Question 11

What does the medial umbilical ligament contain?

Answer 11

Obliterated umbilical artery

Question 12

What does the lateral umbilical ligament contain?

Answer 12

Inferior epigastric artery

Question 13

What parietal peritoneal folds are found superiorly to the umbilicus?

Answer 13

Round ligament of the liver or Ligamentum teres hepatis

Question 14

What is contained within the round ligament of the liver?

Answer 14

Obliterated umbilical vein

Question 15

What does the visceral peritoneum line?

Answer 15

It lines the viscera

Question 16

Which nerves serve the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 16

The nerves that serve the viscera

Question 17

What is the visceral peritoneum sensitive to?

Answer 17

It is sensitive to stretching, but not heat, cold and touch

Question 18

Is pain poorly or well localised by the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 18

It is poorly localised

Question 19

Where is pain from the visceral peritoneum lining the foregut experienced?

Answer 19

Epigastric region

Question 20

Where is pain from the visceral peritoneum lining the midgut experienced?

Answer 20

Umbilical region

Question 21

Where is pain from the visceral peritoneum lining the hindgut experienced?

Answer 21

Pubic region

Question 22

When is an organ classified as intraperitoneal?

Answer 22

When all of its surfaces are covered by peritoneum, thus the entire organ is covered by peritoneum

Question 23

When is an organ classified as retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

When only its anterior and/or lateral surfaces are covered by peritoneum, thus the organ lies outside the peritoneal cavity

Question 24

When is an organ classified as subperitoneal?

Answer 24

When only the superior surface of the organ is covered by peritoneum

Question 25

Which organs are intraperitoneal?

Answer 25

Stomach Liver Spleen Gallbladder Appendix Caecum Jejunum Ileum Transverse and sigmoid colon Part of duodenum and pancreas

Question 26

Which organs are retroperitoneal?

Answer 26

Parts of duodenum and pancreas Ascending and descending colon Kidneys and ureters Rectum

Question 27

Which organs are subperitoneal?

Answer 27

Bladder Uterus

Question 28

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 28

The potential space that lies between parietal and visceral peritoneum

Question 29

What are the divisions of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 29

Greater sac Lesser sac (omental bursa)

Question 30

Where is the greater sac located?

Answer 30

It begins at the diaphragm and continues into the pelvic cavity. It is the area lying anterior to the abdominal organs

Question 31

Where is the lesser sac located?

Answer 31

It is smaller and located posterior to the stomach and liver

Question 32

How does the greater and lesser sac communicate?

Answer 32

Through the omental/epiploic foramen

Question 33

Where is the epiploic foramen located?

Answer 33

In the region between the stomach and liver

Question 34

What is ascites?

Answer 34

Large accumulations of peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 35

What is omentum?

Answer 35

A double layer of peritoneum which passes from the stomach and first part of the duodenum, and connects to the abdominal viscera

Question 36

What are the types of omentum?

Answer 36

Greater omentum and lesser omentum

Question 37

What is the greater omentum derived from?

Answer 37

Dorsal mesentery

Question 38

What does the greater omentum attach to?

Answer 38

It attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum, and then drapes inferior over the transverse colon and the coils of the ileum and jejunum It then turns posterior to ascend and become adherent to the superior and anterior surface of the transverse colon

Question 39

How many layers of peritoneum makes up the greater omentum

Answer 39

4 layers?

Question 40

Which arteries are located within the greater omentum?

Answer 40

Right and left gasto-omental (gastroepiploic) arteries

Question 41

What is the lesser omentum derived from?

Answer 41

Ventral mesentery

Question 42

Where does the lesser omentum extend from?

Answer 42

It extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum to the inferior surface of the liver

Question 43

What are the divisions of the lesser omentum?

Answer 43

Hepatogastric ligament Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 44

What is the relation of the hepatoduodenal ligament to the epiploic foramen?

Answer 44

It is the anterior border of the epiploic foramen

Question 45

Which structures are found in the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Answer 45

Portal triad - hepatic artery proper, portal vein and bile duct

Question 46

What is mesentery?

Answer 46

This is a double layer of peritoneum that attach viscera to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 47

Where does mesentery arise from?

Answer 47

Dorsal mesentery

Question 48

What does the mesentery allow movement and passage for?

Answer 48

It allows for movement and passage of the vessels, nerve and lymphatics, specifically the SMA

Question 49

What is the mesentery associated with the transverse colon?

Answer 49

Transverse mesocolon

Question 50

What is the mesentery associated with the sigmoid colon?

Answer 50

Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 51

What is the root of the mesentery?

Answer 51

It is the point of origin of the mesentery and the point at which it attaches to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 52

Where does the root of the mesentery extend from?

Answer 52

It extends from the duodenojejunal junction to the ileocaecal junction

Question 53

Which artery is found within the root of the mesentery?

Answer 53

The superior mesenteric artery

Question 54

What is the transverse mesocolon?

Answer 54

It is a long, horizontal root that connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 55

What does the transverse mesocolon divide the greater sac into?

Answer 55

Supracolic compartment Infracolic compartmetn

Question 56

What divides the supracolic compartment?

Answer 56

Falciform ligament

Question 57

What does the falciform ligament divide the supracolic compartment into?

Answer 57

2 subphrenic compartments

Question 58

What divides the infracolic compartment?

Answer 58

The root of the mesentery

Question 59

What does the root of the mesentery divide the infracolic compartment into?

Answer 59

Left and right infracolic compartments

Question 60

What is the sigmoid mesocolon?

Answer 60

It is an inverted V-shaped peritoneal fold that attaches the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 61

What is related to the apex of the sigmoid mesocolon?

Answer 61

The bifurcation of the left common iliac artery

Question 62

What are ligaments?

Answer 62

These are 2 layers of peritoneum that connect two organs to each other or attach the organ to the body wall

Question 63

Which ligaments are found on the liver?

Answer 63

Triangular, coronary, falciform and round ligament

Question 64

Which ligaments extend from the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 64

Falciform ligament

Question 65

What does the falciform ligament divide the liver into?

Answer 65

It divides the liver into right and left lobes

Question 66

What does the falciform ligament continue superior as?

Answer 66

Coronary ligaments

Question 67

What does the coronary ligament end as?

Answer 67

Left and right triangular ligaments

Question 68

What does the falciform ligament continue as inferiorly?

Answer 68

Round ligament of the liver

Question 69

What does the round ligament of the liver attach to?

Answer 69

Umbilicus

Question 70

What attaches the liver to the stomach and duodenum?

Answer 70

Hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

Question 71

What attaches the spleen to the stomach and kidney?

Answer 71

Gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments

Question 72

What is a bare area?

Answer 72

An area of the organ that is not covered by visceral peritoneum to allow for entrance and exit of neurovascular structures