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2.4 Anatomy > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the pharynx begin and end?

A

It beings at the base of the skull and ends inferiorly to the cricoid cartilage at C6

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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3
Q

What are the types of muscles making up the pharynx?

A

Circular and longitudinal muscles

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4
Q

What provides motor innervation to the musculature of the pharynx?

A

All muscles are innervated by CN X, except stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN IX

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5
Q

What is the function of the circular pharyngeal muscles?

A

They contract from superior to inferior to constrict the lumen and propel the bolus of food inferiorly into the oesophagus

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6
Q

Where do the circular pharyngeal muscles insert?

A

They insert onto the midline posteriorly to form the pharyngeal raphe

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7
Q

What is the origin of the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe
Posterior end of mylohyoid line of mandible

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8
Q

What is the insertion of the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Pharyngeal tubercle
Pharyngeal raphe

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9
Q

What is the origin of the middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Stylohyoid ligament
Greater and lesser horns of hyoid

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

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11
Q

What are the divisions of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeal

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12
Q

What is the origin of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Thyropharyngeus: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
Cricopharyngeus: Side of cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Thyropharyngeus: Pharyngeal raphe
Cricopharyngeus: Blends inferiorly with circular muscle fibres of the oesophagus

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14
Q

How does the fibres between the thyro- and cricopharyngeus differ?

A

Thyropharyngeus has oblique fibres and circopharyngeus has horizontal fibres

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15
Q

What lines the circular pharyngeal muscles internally?

A

Pharyngobasillar fascia

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16
Q

What lines the circular pharyngeal muscles externally?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

17
Q

Which structures pass through the space between the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the base of the skull?

A

Levator vali platini muscles
Auditory tube

18
Q

Which structures pass through the space between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle
CN IX
Stylohyoid ligament

19
Q

Which structures pass through the space between the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors?

A

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal artery

20
Q

Which structures pass below the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

21
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

22
Q

What is the origin of the stylopharyngeus?

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

23
Q

What is insertion of the stylopharyngeus?

A

Posterior and superior borders of thyroid cartilage with palatopharyngeus

24
Q

What is the origin of the palatopharyngeus?

A

Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis

25
Q

What is the insertion of the palatopharyngeus?

A

Posterior border of lamina of thyroid cartilage and side of pharynx and oesophagus

26
Q

What is the origin of the salpingopharyngeus?

A

Cartilaginous part of Eustachian tube

27
Q

What is the insertion of the salpingopharyngeus?

A

Blends with palatopharyngeus

28
Q

What makes up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic fibres from superior cervical ganglion

29
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx = CN Vb
Oropharynx = glossopharyngeal
Laryngopharynx = CN X

30
Q

What provides blood supply to the pharynx?

A

Branches of the ECA - ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, maxillary artery

31
Q

What drains the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal venous plexus into the IJV

32
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located between?

A

Base of the skull and soft palate

33
Q

Which tonsils are found in the nasopharynx?

A

Adenoid tonsils

34
Q

Between which two points does the oropharynx extend?

A

Soft palate and superior border of epiglottis

35
Q

Which structures are found in the oropharynx?

A

Root of tongue, lingual tonsils and palatine tonsils

36
Q

Between which two points does the laryngopharynx extend?

A

Superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

2.4 Anatomy (10 decks)

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