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2.4 Anatomy > Blood and Nerve Supply of the GIT > Flashcards

Blood and Nerve Supply of the GIT Flashcards

1
Q

Which organs make up the foregut?

A

Distal part of oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum before the major duodenal papilla
Superior portion of pancreas
Spleen
Gallbladder
Liver

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2
Q

Which organs make up the hindgut?

A

Duodenum after the major duodenal papilla
Inferior portion of pancreas
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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3
Q

Which organs make up the foregut?

A

Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Upper part of the anal canal

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4
Q

What is the blood supply of foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

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5
Q

What is the blood supply of the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

What is the blood supply of the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

At which vertebral level does the coeliac trunk arise?

A

T12

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8
Q

What are the main branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

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9
Q

What is the course of the splenic artery to reach the hilum of the spleen after arising from the splenic hilum?

A

It runs in the stomach bed, along the superior aspect of the tail of the pancreas to pass to the splenorenal ligament to enter the hilum of the spleen

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10
Q

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

A

Short gastric arteries
Left gastroepiploic (gastro-omental) artery
Pancreatic branches

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11
Q

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

Hepatic artery proper
Gastroduodenal artery

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12
Q

What are the branches of the hepatic artery proper?

A

Right and left branches to the liver
Right gastric artery

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13
Q

What are the branches of the gastroduodenal artery?

A

Supraduodenal artery
Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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14
Q

Which arteries supply to stomach?

A

Left and right gastric arteries
Left and right gastroepiploic/-omental arteries
Short gastric artery

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15
Q

What is the origin of the left gastric artery?

A

Coeliac trunk

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16
Q

What is the course of the left gastric artery?

A

After arising, it runs in the lesser omentum to pass to the cardia of the stomach to course along the lesser curvature of the stomach

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17
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

Left part of lesser curvature of the stomach
Distal end of oesophagus through oesophageal arteries

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18
Q

What does the left gastric artery anastomose with?

A

Right gastric artery

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19
Q

Where does the right gastric artery originate from?

A

Hepatic artery proper

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20
Q

What is the course of the right gastric artery?

A

It courses along to the left on the lesser curvature of the stomach

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21
Q

What does the right gastric artery supply?

A

Right portion of lesser curvature of the stomach

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22
Q

What does the right gastric artery anastomose with?

A

Left gastric artery

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23
Q

Where does the right gastroepiploic/-omental artery arise from?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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24
Q

What is the course of the right gastroepiploic/-omental artery?

A

It runs to the left along the greater curvature of the stomach

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25
Q

What does the right gastroepiploic/-omental artery supply?

A

Right portion of the greater curvature of the stomach

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26
Q

What does the right gastroepiploic/-omental artery anastomose with?

A

Left gastroepiploic/-omental artery

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27
Q

Where does the left gastroepiploic/-omental artery arise from?

A

Splenic artery

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28
Q

What is the course of the left gastroepiploic/-omental artery?

A

It courses to the right along the greater curvature of the stomach

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29
Q

What does the left gastroepiploic/-omental artery supply?

A

Left portion of the greater curvature of the stomach

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30
Q

What does the left gastroepiploic/-omental artery anastomose with?

A

Right gastroepiploic/-omental artery

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31
Q

Where does the short gastric artery arise from?

A

Splenic artery at its distal end

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32
Q

What is the course of the short gastric artery?

A

It passes between the layers of the gastrosplenic ligament to the fundus of the stomach

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33
Q

What does the short gastric artery supply?

A

Fundus of the stomach

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34
Q

Which arteries supply the dudoenum?

A

Branches of the coeliac trunk proximal to the entry of the major duodenal papilla
Branches of the SMA distal to the entry of the major duodenal papilla

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35
Q

Which branches of the coeliac trunk supply the duodenum?

A

Anterior superior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Supraduodenal artery

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36
Q

Which branches of the superior mesenteric artery supply the duodenum?

A

Anterior inferior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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37
Q

Where do the pancreaticoduodenal arteries lie?

A

They lie in the curve between the duodenum and the head of the pancreas?

38
Q

Where does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery arise from?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

39
Q

Which part of the duodenum is supplied by the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

A

Duodenum proximal to the entry of the bile duct into its second part

40
Q

Where does the supraduodenal artery arise from?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

41
Q

Which part of the duodenum does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery arise from?

A

The duodenum distal to the entry of the bile duct into its second part

42
Q

Which arteries supply the pancreas?

A

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Pancreatic branches of splenic artery

43
Q

What supplies the body and tail of the pancreas?

A

Small pancreatic arteries arising from the splenic artery

44
Q

What is the largest of the pancreatic branches arising from the splenic artery?

A

Greater pancreatic artery or pancreatic magma artery

45
Q

What is the most distal pancreatic branch arising from the splenic artery?

A

Dorsal pancreatic artery

46
Q

Which arteries supply the head of the pancreas?

A

Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

47
Q

Where does the liver receive its blood supply from?

A

Hepatic artery proper
Portal vein

48
Q

Where does the common hepatic artery divide into the gastroduodenal artery and hepatic artery proper?

A

Superior part of the duodenum at the omental foramen

49
Q

What is the relations of the hepatic artery proper in relation to the structures in the portal triad?

A

It is anterior to the portal vein
It lies left to the bile duct

50
Q

What forms the portal vein?

A

The union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

51
Q

How does the inferior mesenteric vein join the portal system?

A

It can drain into the splenic vein
It can drain into the SMV
It can drain into the junction between the splenic vein and SMV

52
Q

Which artery supplies the gallbladder and cystic duct?

A

Cystic artery

53
Q

Where does the cystic artery arise from?

A

Right hepatic artery

54
Q

At what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery arise?

A

L1

55
Q

What does the SMA pass anterior to after arising?

A

Uncinate process of pancreas
3rd part of duodenum
Left renal vein

56
Q

What does the SMA pass within?

A

The root of the mesentery

57
Q

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Intestinal artery - jejunal and ileal
Ileocaecal artery
Right colic artery
Middle colic artery

58
Q

Which artery supplied the jejunum?

A

Jejunal artery

59
Q

Which artery supplies the ileum?

A

Ileal artery

60
Q

What are the intestinal arteries arranged in as they pass through the layers of the mesentery?

A

Anastomotic/Arterial arcades

61
Q

What do the arterial arcades form?

A

They form smaller, straight arteries known as the vasa recta

62
Q

How does the arterial arcades and vasa recta differ between the jejunal and ileal arteries?

A

Jejunum = smaller number of arterial arcades but longer vasa recta
Ileum = large number of arterial arcades but shorter vasa recta

63
Q

Which artery supplies the caecum?

A

Ileocaecal artery

64
Q

Which artery supplies the appendix?

A

Appendicular artery

65
Q

Where does the appendicular artery arise from?

A

Ileocaecal artery

66
Q

Which artery supplies the ascending colon?

A

Right colic artery

67
Q

Which artery supplies the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon?

A

Middle colic artery

68
Q

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

It gives of the left colic artery and sigmoid arteries
It then continues as the superior rectal artery

69
Q

At which vertebral level does the inferior mesenteric arise from?

A

L3

70
Q

Which artery supplies the descending colon?

A

Left colic artery

71
Q

Which artery supplies the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon?

A

Marginal branch of left colic artery

72
Q

Which artery supplies the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid arteries

73
Q

Which artery supplies the superior 1/3 of the rectum and superior anal canal?

A

Superior rectal artery

74
Q

What does parasympathetic innervation of the GIT stimulate?

A

Peristalsis
Sphincter relaxation
Secretomotor to glands

75
Q

What does sympathetic innervation to the GIT provide?

A

Slows/inhibits peristalsis, urination and defaecation
Vasoconstriction
Pain sensation

76
Q

What provides sympathetic nervous supply to the GIT?

A

Thoracolumbar segment of spinal cord (T1-L2/3)
Thoracic splanchnic nerves
Lumbar splanchnic nerve
Hypogastric nerve

77
Q

Which nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the GIT?

A

Craniosacral
Vagus nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerves

78
Q

What is the 2 neuronal pathway of the sympathetic nerves?

A

A neuronal pathway that begins in the spinal cord with a preganglionic nerve that synapses with a postganglionic nerve outside the spinal cord

79
Q

Where does the preganglionics of the sympathetic NS begin?

A

They begin in the lateral horn of grey matter in the spinal cord in the thoracolumbar segment (T1-L2/3)

80
Q

What is the paravertebral ganglia?

A

These are ganglia situated on either side of the vertebral column, beginning at the base of the skull and ending inferiorly at the coccyx as the ganglion impar, which contain postganglionic cell bodies

81
Q

What does the paravertebral ganglia make up?

A

Sympathetic chain

82
Q

How do the sympathetic preganglionics leave the spinal cord?

A

Via the ventral horn

83
Q

What are the different synapsing pathways that sympathetic preganglionics have once inside the paraverterbal ganglia?

A

It can synapse with the ganglia at that level
It can ascend to synapse with a postganglionic nerve at a higher level
It can descend to synapse with a postganglionic nerve at a lower level, forming splanchnic nerves

84
Q

What are the root values of the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve?

A

T5-T9

85
Q

What is the root value for the lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve?

A

T10-T11

86
Q

What is the root value for the least thoracic splanchnic nerve?

A

T12

87
Q

Where to the preganglionic thoracic splanchnic nerves synapse with the postganglionic nerve?

A

At the prevertebral ganglia situated around the branches of the aorta

88
Q

What are prevertebral ganglia?

A

These are ganglia situated around the abdominal aorta and its branches

89
Q

What are the prevertebral ganglia?

A

Coeliac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion

90
Q

Which ganglia/plexus supplies the foregut structures?

A

Coeliac ganglion/plexus

91
Q

Which nerves contribute sympathetic innervation to the coeliac plexus?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

92
Q

Which nerve contributes parasympathetic innervation to the coeliac plexus?

A

CN X

2.4 Anatomy (10 decks)

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