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BDS1 BAMS: Alimentary System > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the abdomen?

A
  • The body cavity between the thorax and the pelvic inlet
  • Supported in part by the pelvis
  • Wall of abdomen is a multilayered musculoaponeurotic wall
  • Contains adipose tissue
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2
Q

What is the unhealthiest fat to have?

A

Visceral fat - around the organs

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3
Q

What are the regions of the abdomen?

A
  1. Right hypochondrium
  2. Epigastic
  3. Left hypochondrium
  4. Right lumbar
  5. Umbilical
  6. Left lumbar
  7. Right iliac fossa
  8. Suprapubic (hypogastrium)
  9. Left iliac fossa
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4
Q

Which regions of the abdomen is the stomach located in?

A

Left hypochondrium and epigastric

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5
Q

Which structures are the anterior/superior to the stomach?

A

Lower ribs/diaphragm and liver

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6
Q

Which structures are posterior/inferior to the stomach?

A

Diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland, pancreas

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7
Q

What is the bulk of the stomach called?

A

The body

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8
Q

What is the fundus?

A

The top of the stomach where gas collects

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9
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Controls secretions passing from the stomach to the small intestine

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10
Q

When might a pyloromyotomy be performed in babies?

A

When the pyloric sphincter is too thick - babies have distended stomach, projectile vomitting, not excreting faeces

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11
Q

Where does fat collect?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach (greater omentum attaches to greater curvature)

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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of muscle in the stomach?

A
  1. Inner circular
  2. Outer longitudinal
  3. Oblique layer
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13
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A
  • Stores swallowed food (temporarily)
  • Stomach mixes gastric juice
  • Chemical and mechanical functions
  • Limited absorption (most absorption occurs in S.I. Alcohol is absorbed in stomach)
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14
Q

What is the function of mucus secreting cells in the stomach?

A

Protect the lining from HCl

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15
Q

What is the pH of HCl?

A

pH 1-2

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16
Q

How does pepsinogen get converted to pepsin in the stomach?

A

HCl (hydrochloric acid) converts pepsinogen (inactive) to pepsin (active).

17
Q

Which cells secrete gastrin?

A

Endocrine cells

18
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Causes gut contraction/motility

19
Q

What are parietal cells?

A

Eosinophilic (stain pink) ‘egg-shaped’ cells that secrete HCl

20
Q

Which cells secrete HCl?

A

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

21
Q

Which cells secrete pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

22
Q

Where are mucus producing cells located?

A

Luminal surface and gastric pits

23
Q

Describe how HCl is formed in the parietal cell

A
  • CO2 from blood joins to water forming carbonic acid in the parietal cell
  • Under the influence of carbonic anhydrase, carbon acid converted to hydrogen and bicarbonate.
  • HCO3- participates in chloride shift in the membrane of the parietal cell: Cl- in for HCO3- out.
  • H+ from carbonic anhyrase joins to chloride -> forms HCl-
24
Q

Describe venous drainage of the stomach

A
  • Right and left gastric veins drain to the portal vein
  • Short gastric veins and left gastroepiploic drain to the splenic vein, then to the superior mesenteric vein
  • Right gastroepiploic drains to the superior mesenteric vein
25
Q

What are oesophageal varices, and how do they occur?

A
  • Enlarged veins in the oesophagus
  • Often due to obstructed blood flow in the portal vein
  • All the blood coming from the gut goes to the liver (portal vein)
  • Any pressure in the liver can cause back pressure onto other veins
  • Oeseophageal veins -> axygos vein -> superior vena cava
  • Portal pressure -> inferior vena cava pressure
  • Blood vessels can become dilated and burst
26
Q

What can be used to treat leaking blood vessels in oesophageal varices?

A

A tube can be passed down the oesophagus, inflate the tube (applying pressure) -> trying to prevent blood vessels from leaking any more

27
Q

What are the surgical options for weight loss?

A

Gastric band and gastric bypass

28
Q

What is a gastric band?

A

A band is placed around the stomach to reduce the amount of food and fluid you can get into the stomach

29
Q

What is a gastric by-pass?

A

Reduce the stomach and reconnect the duodenum (need to make sure bile can still enter the duodenum from the liver)

BDS1 BAMS: Alimentary System (8 decks)

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