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BDS1 BAMS: Alimentary System > Alimentary System Overview > Flashcards

Alimentary System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is the opening to the alimentary canal?

A

Mouth

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2
Q

What is the function of digestive system?

A

Digestion: to process food
Absorption: transfer of nutrients to circulation

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3
Q

What are the 2 groups of organs in the digestive system?

A
  1. Digestive tract

2. Accessory organs e.g. salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas

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4
Q

What are the components of the alimentary system?

A

Oral cavity -> pharynx -> oesophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine

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5
Q

What are the 4 layers of the G.I. system?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa/muscularis propria
  • Adventitia
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6
Q

What is the mucosa layer of the G.I. system comprised of?

A

Epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa

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7
Q

What does the submucosa layer of the G.I. system contain?

A

Blood vessels and glands

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8
Q

Describe the arrangement of the muscularis externa/muscularis propria layer of the G.I. system

A

Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

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9
Q

What does the adventitia layer of the G.I. system contain?

A

Larger/major blood vessels and nerves

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10
Q

What does metaplasia mean?

A

Going from one structure to another

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11
Q

Describe metaplasia in G.O.R.D (gastro-oesophageal reflex disease)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium changing to columnar epithelium

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12
Q

What might G.O.R.D lead to?

A

Dysplasia (pre-cancer) and cancer

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13
Q

The change from stratified squamous epthelium to columnar epithelium in Barret’s oesophagus is referred to as what?

A

Metaplasia

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14
Q

What do the fundic glands of the stomach do?

A

Secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)

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15
Q

What is the purpose of villi in the small intestine?

A

Increase the surface area by up to 30x for absorption

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16
Q

Describe the features of coeliac disease

A
  • Villous atrophy
  • Hyperplastic crypts
  • Increase in inflammatory cells (lymphoid cells)
  • Autoimmune condition where body attacks villi
  • Stop eating gluten - symptoms should be relieved, villi grow back
17
Q

What is the recommended treatment for coeliac disease?

A
  • Stop eating gluten, villi should grow back, symptoms should be relieved
18
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorption and protection

19
Q

What is the purpose of mucus producing cells (goblet cells) in the large intestine?

A
  • To produce mucus

- Mucus sits on layer of epithelium to protect it from faeces

20
Q

What are the 2 main types of inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

21
Q

Crohn’s disease can cause pain the mouth. What effect can this have on patients?

A
  • Patients may not eat or drink properly due to pain, may not brush their teeth. Dental problems may arise.
22
Q

Where are effects of UC observed?

A

Only in the colon

23
Q

How much liquid goes into the alimentary system/how much is absorbed?

A

~7,600ml absorbed, 7,500ml secreted

24
Q

What are the functions of the mouth?

A

Communication, general sensory (noiception, mechanoreception), special sensory (gustation), higher level perceptions (enjoying the taste of something)

25
Q

What percentage of communication is non-verbal?

A

80-90%

26
Q

What is the function of tonsils?

A

They are collections of inflammatory cells, first line of defence. Act as a barrier to the alimentary system.

27
Q

Describe the boundaries of the mouth

A 
Anterior = lips 
Posterior = fauces (pillars)
Superior = palate 
Inferior = mylohyoid, tongue 
Lateral = cheeks
28
Q

What does a short, tight lingual frenulum result in and what might this affect?

A

Tongue tie

Can affect speech, chewing, swallowing

29
Q

Which muscle is in the lips?

A

Orbicularis oris

30
Q

What are the 3 pairs of major salivary glands and what type of saliva do they secrete?

A

Parotid: serous
Lingual: mucous
Submandibular: mixed/seromucinous

31
Q

Which glands does mumps (paramyxovirus) affect?

A

Salivary glands

32
Q

What are sialolithiasis?

A

Stones in the salivary glands

33
Q

What is sialodenitis?

A

Inflammation in salivary glands

34
Q

How many muscles are in the face?

A

43

35
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve

36
Q

Which nerve could a lesion in the parotid gland affect?

A

Facial nerve

BDS1 BAMS: Alimentary System (8 decks)

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