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AHP II > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

The stomach is the initial site of __ digestion

A

Protein (a little bit of lipid and carbohydrate digestion, but mainly protein)

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2
Q

Two parts of the pylorus

A

Antrum and canal.

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3
Q

The pyloric spinster is located at what junction

A

The gastroduodenal junction. Located between the stomach pylorus and duodenum.

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4
Q

Is the pyloric spinster usually contracted or relaxed?

A

It is usually contracted. Emptying occurs intermittently when intragastric pressure overcomes the resistance.

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5
Q

Function of the pyloric sphincter

A

Controls exit of chyme from stomach into the duodenum.

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6
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach attaches to the liver by what

A

By the hepatogastric ligament and lesser omentum (organ to organ)

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7
Q

The greater curvature of the stomach attaches to the transverse colon how?

A

By the greater omentum. Liver to liver.

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8
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by which arteries

A

The right and left gastric arteries.
The right gastric artery (celiac trunk — common hepatic – proper hepatic – right gastric)

The left gastric artery is one of the main branches of the celiac trunk.

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9
Q

The greater curvature of the stomach is supplied by which two arteries

A

The right and left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) arteries.

The right GO is a branch off the gastroduodenal.
Celiac trunk - common hepatic - gastroduodenal - right GO

The left GO is a branch off the Splenic artery
celiac trunk - splenic - left GO

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10
Q

The right gastro-omental artery is a branch off what?

A

The gastroduodenal.

The celiac trunk - common hepatic – gastroduodenal – right gastro-omental

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11
Q

The left gastro-omental is a branch off the

A

Splenic artery

celiac trunk - splenic - left GO

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12
Q

The right and left gastric veins drain into the ___ vein

A

Portal

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13
Q

Stomach innervation

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic: Vagus
Sympathetic: Preganglionic fibers pass through the sympathetic trunk at level t6-t9 and emerge as splanchnic nerves which synapse with postganglionic fibers in the celiac ganglion. Then to stomach.

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14
Q

Rugae

A

Wrinmkles of the mucosa with submucosal cores on the internal surface. Allows for distention and increased surface area.

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15
Q

Histological layers of the stomach outer to inner

A 
Outer
Serosa (visceral peritoneum) 
Muscular externa
Submucosa 
Mucosa
Inner
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16
Q

Where is an oblique muscle found

A

Only found in the stomach. For churning.

17
Q

Shape of gastric glands

A

Straight tubular glands that produce gastric juice that passes through the pit and into the stomach lumen.

18
Q

What is in gastric juice

A

HCl and pepsin (which hydrolyzes proteins)

19
Q

What is gastrin

A

A hormone

20
Q

G cells (neuroendocrine cells) do what?

A

They secrete gastrin into the stomach antrum, NOT the fundus. Gastrin activates parietal cells to secrete HCL.

Gastrin increases gastric motility and temporarily inhibits gastric emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum.

21
Q

P (pariteal) cells do what

A

They secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (allows vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine)

22
Q

Pc cells (peptic) do what?

A

They secrete pepsinogen. In the presence of HCl, it converts into active pepsin. Pepsin breaks down proteins.

23
Q

Cascade of events that leads to protein digestion in the stomach?

A

G cells secrete gastrin. This activates parietal cells to secrete HCl. Pc (peptic) cells secrete pepsinogen, which is then converted to pepsin in the presence of HCl. Pepsin breaks down proteins into amino acids.

24
Q

Gastric pits occupy __% of mucosa

A

50%

25
Q

How many muscle layers in the muscular externa layer of the stomach?

A
  1. Usually, there are only 2 muscle layers.
External 
longitudinal. 
Circular. Thickens at pyloric sphincter 
Oblique. Discontinuous. Not found at gastroduodenal junction. 
Internal.
26
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Portion of stomachs pushes up through the diaphragm into the thoracic/chest cavity. Can be sliding or rolling type.

27
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of gastric mucosa (innermost layer). Can be acute (due to food poisoning) or chronic (cancer).

28
Q

Gastric cancer is more common in __ over ___ years of age

A

Men over 60

29
Q

3 types of weight loss surgeries and their pros/cons

A
  1. Gastric bypass. Bypasses portion of small intestine that has high reabsorption. Very effective, but high risk.
  2. Lap band. Adjustable gastric band at top of stomach. Get full faster. Not as effective, but can have risk due to foreign substance being in body.
  3. Gastric sleeve. Most common. Remove portion of the stomach so it is smaller. Not as effective as bypass, but less risks.

AHP II (11 decks)

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