Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Pleura in the thoracic cavity

A

Parital pleura: costal rib surfaces (outer)

Visceral pleura: Encapsulates the lungs (inner)

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2
Q

The pleural cavity is lined with

A

mesothelium. Parietal external and visceral internal

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3
Q

Contents of the mediastinum

A

Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus

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4
Q

Lobes and fissures of the R and L lung

A

The R lung has 3 lobes (Superior, middle and inferior) divided by a horizontal and oblique fissure. Rests on the diaphragm.

The L lung has two lobes, a superior and inferior. Divided by an oblique fissure.

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5
Q

Pulmonary Ligament

A

Where parietal and visceral meet. Stabilize the lungs and prevent friction during expansion. Contains surfactant.

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6
Q

On the inner side of the R lung, there is a groove above the hilum for which vein?

A

Azygous vein. Goes above heart and drains into the superior vena cava.

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7
Q

On the inner side of the L lung, there is a fossa beside the hilum and groove above the hilum. What is the fossa and groove for?

A

Groove above the hilum is for the arch of aorta.

Fossa beside the hilum is occupied by the heart.

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8
Q

Pharynx 3 divisions from superior to inferior

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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9
Q

Structures of the Nasopharynx

A

Eustachian/auditory tube feeds into it
Part of the respiratory tract
Above soft palate and nearby tonsils

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10
Q

How does the tissue type change from the nasal cavity to nasopharynx to oropharynx.

A

Nasal cavity- Pseudostratified columnar with cilia
Nasopharynx- pseudo stratified columnar with cilia
Oropharynx- SSNK (Ciliated?)

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11
Q

What type of epithelial cells are found in the nasopharynx?

A

Pseudostratified with cilia

less likely- simple columnar ciliated

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12
Q

What type of epithelial cells are found in the nasal cavity?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

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13
Q

Laryngopharynx extends from the __ to the ___

A

The epiglottis to the cricoid

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14
Q

What type of cartilage makes the epiglottis and cricoid? (both apart of the laryngopharynx)

A

Epiglottis- elastic cartilage

Cricoid- Hyaline cartilage

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15
Q

What is the laryngopharynx function?

A

Organ of phonation (changes pitch)
Extends from epiglottis to cricoid
Common passageway for food and air. Ends as esophagus inferiorly.

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16
Q

Cell type in the laryngopharynx?

A

Mainy SSNK

17
Q

Role of the epiglottis?

A

Elastic cartilage, but also a muscle that closes to cover the larynx.

Closes over the glottis of the larynx when you are eating food to allow food to pass into the esophagus. Open when you are breathing.

18
Q

___ lies closer to the thyroid than the thyroid cartilage

A

Cricoid cartilage

19
Q

Main role of the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage?

A

Protect the larynx

20
Q

Adams apple is formed by which cartilage

A

The thyroid cartilage

21
Q

How many inches wide is the trachea and how many inches in diameter?

A

4-5 inches long

1 inch in diameter

22
Q

Where is the trachea located at

A

Mediastinum anterior to the esophagus

23
Q

The trachea extends from the ___ to ___

A

Larynx to T5

24
Q

4 tissue layers of the trachea from inner to outer

A

Inner
1. Mucosa. Pseudostratified columnar epithelial cell with cilia and goblet cells.
2. Submucosa. Loose connective tissue and seromucous glands.
3. Hyaline cartilage. 16-20 C shape rings. Muscle is attached to the end of the rings.
4. Adventitia binds trachea to other organs such as the esophagus.
Outer

25
Q

Characteristics of the bronchus

A

Rigid structure similar to trachea. Contains hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle.
Smaller diameter than trachea. becomes smaller as it branches into the secondary and then tertiary bronchi.

Pseudostratified columnar then transitions to a simple columnar between the secondary and tertiary bronchi.

26
Q

What do the primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi supply?

A

Primary supplies each lung.
Secondary supplies each lobe of the lungs (3 right and 2 left)
Tertiary supplies each bronchopulmonary segment.

27
Q

Tertiary bronchi branch into

A

Bronchioles. Forms the respiratory tree along with the bronchi and trachea.

28
Q

What is the role of glands in the nasal cavity.

A

Warm and humidify air.

29
Q

What are the three zones of the respiratory system

A

Conducting zone. Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles

Transition zone according to Dr. Powell. Is the respiratory bronchioles.

Respiratory zone is the alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli.

30
Q

The conducting zone contains what and what are its characteristics?

A

Conducting zone contains the Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles.

Contains cartilage.
Smooth muscle.
Controls airflow. Minimal Co2/O2 exchange.

31
Q

The respiratory zone contains what and what are its characteristics?

A

Technically contains the respiratory bronchiole (Dr. Powell considers this a transition zone)
Contains the alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli.

Does not contain cartilage.

32
Q

How many alveoli per lung

A

400-500 million

33
Q

Where does O2/Co2 exchange occur?

A

Alveoli

34
Q

Epithelium of the bronchus, bronchioles, and alveolus

A

Bronchous- pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

Bronchioles- Non ciliated simple cuboidal

Alveoli- simple squamous

35
Q

Clara cells are found where and what is their role

A

Found in the bronchioles. Stationary.
Has immune role to help trap particles.
Also helps bronchioles keep their structure by producing surfactant. This increases surface tension and prevents the bronchioles from collapsing.

36
Q

Where are dust cells found and what is their role?

A

Dust cells are free roaming with the alveoli sacs ?? They are special macrophages that eat toxins.

37
Q

Type I vs Type II alveoli cells

A

Type I: O2/Co2 exchange.

Type II: Plays a role with surface tension.