Stomach

Question 1

Functions of the stomach

Answer 1

• foot storage
• mechanically breaks up food
• liquefies food
• begins chemical digestion of protein and fat

Question 2

Structure and function of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 2

structure: thick ring of smooth muscle
function: regulates passage of chyme into the duodenum

Question 3

Structure and function of the cardiac sphincter

Answer 3

structure:
function: prevents stomach contents from regurgitating into the esophagus

Question 4

Structure and function of the rugae

Answer 4

structure: longitudinal wrinkles formed by the mucosa and submucosa when the stomach is empty
function: allows the stomach to expand

Question 5

Structure and function of the gastric glands

Answer 5

structure: tubular glands that open into the bottom of each gastric pit and span the rest of the lamina propria
function: secrete gastric juice

Question 6

Structure and function of the gastric pits

Answer 6

structure: lined with columnar epithelium
function: two or three tubular glands open into the bottom of each gastric pit

Question 7

What extra layers are in the stomach and why?

Answer 7

• muscularis externa: outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner oblique
• the extra layers allow the stomach to churn and breakdown food

Question 8

Function of parietal cells and what does it secrete

Answer 8

function: helps liquefy food, destroys ingested pathogens, enables small intestine to absorb vitamin B12
secretes: hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, ghrelin

Question 9

Function of chief cells and what does it secrete

Answer 9

function: stimulates gastric motility, stimulates gastric glands to secret HCl
secretes: gastric lipase and pepsinogen

Question 10

Function of enteroendocrine cells and what does it secrete

Answer 10

function: regulate digestion
secretes: hormones and paracrine messengers