Large Intestine and Final Words Flashcards
1
Q
How does the large intestine histology differ from the small intestine histology?
A
- more goblet cells
- no villi
2
Q
Functions of the large intestine
A
- water reabsorption
- electrolyte absorption
- vitamin production
3
Q
What is the microbiome?
A
community of microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, viruses, etc.) that live in your large intestine
4
Q
What important things does the microbiome do for us?
A
- synthesize vitamins
- digestive nutrients we can’t break down ourselves
5
Q
What causes gas?
A
- swallowing air
- bacterial fermentation
6
Q
Describe the defecation reflex
A
- rectum stretches
- stretch receptors send signals to the spinal cord
- reflex activation: intrinsic defecation reflex and parasympathetic defecation reflex
- intrinsic defecation reflex: peristaltic waves move feces towards the anus and anal sphincter to relax
- parasympathetic defecation reflex: increases perstalsis and relaxes anal sphincter
- voluntary control to relax the anal sphincter and defecate
7
Q
What are glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)?
A
- hormone secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum
- stimulates insulin production
8
Q
What are vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)?
A
- gut-brain peptide
- it’s produced in both the digestive tract and the central nervous system
9
Q
What hormones are involved with control of digestion?
A
- gastrin: stimulates intestinal motility and stimulates gastric glands to secrete HCl and enzymes
- secretin: regulates pancreatic juice
- cholecystokinin: stimulates bile release
