Overview, Mucosa, Membranes, Mesentery

Question 1

Structures that food passes through

Answer 1

• mouth
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine
• anus

Question 2

Functions of the digestive system

Answer 2

• ingestion
• digestion
• protection
• absorption
• defecation
• compaction

Question 3

Major digestive organs

Answer 3

• mouth
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine

Question 4

Function of the mouth

Answer 4

• mechanical digestion with teeth and tongue
• mixing with salivary secretions

Question 5

Function of the pharynx

Answer 5

muscular propulsion of food into the esophagus

Question 6

Function of the esophagus

Answer 6

transport food to the stomach

Question 7

Function of the stomach

Answer 7

• chemical digestion by acid and enzymes
• mechanical digestion by muscular contractions

Question 8

Function of the small intestine

Answer 8

enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic, substrates, vitamins, and ions

Question 9

Function of the large intestine

Answer 9

dehydration and compaction of waste in preparation of expulsion

Question 10

Accessory organs

Answer 10

• teeth
• tongue
• salivary glands
• liver
• gallbladder
• pancreas

Question 11

Function of the teeth

Answer 11

mechanical digestion by chewing

Question 12

Function of the tongue

Answer 12

assists mechanical digestion with teeth

Question 13

Function of the salivary glands

Answer 13

secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates

Question 14

Function of the liver

Answer 14

• secretion of bile
• storage of nutrients

Question 15

Function of the gallbladder

Answer 15

storage and concentration of bile

Question 16

Function of the pancreas

Answer 16

• exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes
• endocrine cells secrete hormones

Question 17

Define ingestion

Answer 17

taking food and drinks into the mouth

Question 18

Define mechanical digestion

Answer 18

alters the consistency of food to ease transport

Question 19

Define propulsion

Answer 19

movement of food along the digestive tract via muscular contractions

Question 20

Define chemical digestion

Answer 20

uses enzymes to break polymers into monomers for absorption

Question 21

Define secretion

Answer 21

release of enzymes and hormones to aid in the breakdown of food

Question 22

Define absorption

Answer 22

movement of materials into digestive tract

Question 23

Define defecation

Answer 23

removal of feces from the body

Question 24

Structure and location of the visceral peritoneum

Answer 24

serous membrane that covers external surfaces of digestive organs

Question 25

Structure and location of the parietal peritoneum

Answer 25

serous membrane that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

Question 26

Structure and location of the mesentery

Answer 26

- double layer of periotoneum - extends from the posterior abdominal wall to enclose the abdominal viscera

Question 27

Structure and location of the greater omentum

Answer 27

- large, fatty apron-like fold of peritoneum - hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 28

Structure and location of the lesser omentum

Answer 28

- smaller fold of peritoneum - extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 29

Which organs are retroperitoneal?

Answer 29

- duodenum - most of the pancreas - parts of the large intestine

Question 30

Histological layers in the digestive tract innermost to outermost layer

Answer 30

- mucosa - submucosa - muscularis externa - serosa

Question 31

Structures within the mucosa layer of the digestive tract

Answer 31

- microvilli - blood vessels - lamina propria

Question 32

Structures within the submucosa layer of the digestive tract

Answer 32

- blood and lymph vessels - submucosal glands - submucosal plexus

Question 33

Structures within the muscularis externa layer of the digestive tract

Answer 33

- circular muscle layer - myenteric plexus

Question 34

Structures within the serosa layer of the digestive tract

Answer 34

longitudinal muscle layer