Stomach Flashcards
Name 4 functions of the stomach
- turns food bolus into chyme to pass through rest of GI tract
- acts as a holding reservoir before release into small intestine
- secretes gastric juices (HCl, IF, pesinogen and gastric lipase)
- secretes gastrin into the blood
What is the function of HCl in the stomach?
kills bacteria and also acts to break up proteins
Name the 4 regions of the stomach
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part
What 3 parts make up the pyloric part?
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Pylorus
Name the area of smooth muscle that connects the stomach to the duodenum
Pyloric Sphincter
What is the name of the folds on the inner surface of the stomach that disappear when the stomach distends
Rugae
Name the layers of the mucosa in the stomach
- Simple columnar epithelium
- lamina propria (connective tissue)
- muscalaris mucosae
What 4 cell types do the gastric glands consist of and what do they secrete?
- Mucous neck cells (mucous)
- parietal cells (HCl & IF)
- chief cells (pepsinogen and gastric lipase)
- G cells (gastrin)
What is the superficial layer of the stomach called?
Serosa
What is the function of the muscalaris in the stomach?
To churn and mash food into chyme by mixing it with the gastric juices. It also forces food through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum
What part of the brain contains the vomit centre and what stimuli activate this centre?
Medulla oblongata in the brainstem
Irritation and over distention of the stomach are the two main stimuli for vomiting
What are the names of the 3 muscles that contain within the muscularis?
- outer longitudinal
- middle circular
- inner oblique
what is the most common histology for stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Give 3 causes of stomach cancer
- Helicobacter pylori - bacteria found in the mucous of the stomach
- Diet and lifestyle - obesity
3.Alcohol/tobacco
What is the incidence of stomach cancer in the UK
18th most common cancer
