Stomach

Question 1

Name 4 functions of the stomach

Answer 1

1. turns food bolus into chyme to pass through rest of GI tract
2. acts as a holding reservoir before release into small intestine
3. secretes gastric juices (HCl, IF, pesinogen and gastric lipase)
4. secretes gastrin into the blood

Question 2

What is the function of HCl in the stomach?

Answer 2

1. kills microbes
2. and also acts to break up proteins
3. converts pepsinogen into pepsin

Question 3

Name the 4 regions of the stomach

Answer 3

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric part

Question 4

What 3 parts make up the pyloric part?

Answer 4

Pyloric antrum
Pyloric canal
Pylorus

Question 5

Name the area of smooth muscle that connects the stomach to the duodenum

Answer 5

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 6

What is the name of the folds on the inner surface of the stomach that disappear when the stomach distends

Answer 6

Rugae

Question 7

Name the layers of the mucosa in the stomach

Answer 7

1. Simple columnar epithelium
2. lamina propria (connective tissue)
3. muscalaris mucosae

Question 8

What 4 cell types do the gastric glands consist of and what do they secrete?

Answer 8

1. Mucous neck cells (mucous)
2. parietal cells (HCl & IF)
3. chief cells (pepsinogen and gastric lipase)
4. G cells (gastrin)

Question 9

What is the superficial layer of the stomach called?

Answer 9

Serosa

Question 10

What is the function of the muscalaris in the stomach?

Answer 10

To churn and mash food into chyme by mixing it with the gastric juices. It also forces food through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum

Question 11

What part of the brain contains the vomit centre and what stimuli activate this centre?

Answer 11

Medulla oblongata in the brainstem

Irritation and over distention of the stomach are the two main stimuli for vomiting

Question 12

What are the names of the 3 muscles that contain within the muscularis?

Answer 12

1. outer longitudinal
2. middle circular
3. inner oblique

Question 13

what is the most common histology for stomach cancer

Answer 13

Adenocarcinoma

Question 14

Give 3 causes of stomach cancer

Answer 14

1. Helicobacter pylori - bacteria found in the mucous of the stomach
2. Diet and lifestyle - obesity
   3.Alcohol/tobacco

Question 15

What is the incidence of stomach cancer in the UK

Answer 15

18th most common cancer

Question 16

Give 4 signs and symptoms of stomach cancer:

Answer 16

1. Nausea/vomiting
   2.Feeling full after a small amount of food
   3.Abdominal pain
   4.Chronic indigestion

Question 17

Why is RT a poor choice of treatment for stomach cancer?

Answer 17

The stomach is radio-resistant (poor efficacy) would need extremely high dose
Close to lots of critical structures - gastrointestinal toxicity
Chemo and surgery have better outcomes

Question 18

What is the name of the surgical procedure for removal of half or all of the stomach?

Answer 18

Gastrectomy

Question 19

Which site on the body is most likely to metastasise to the stomach?

Answer 19

Breast cancer

Question 20

How would stomach cancer be diagnosed?

Answer 20

1. Gastroscopy to look inside the stomach via camera - biopsy
2. Blood/stool sample
3. CT/MRI/PET scan

Question 21

What is the function of the mucous secretion in the stomach?

Answer 21

It protects the lining of the stomach wall from HCL

Question 22

Where are the G cells found?

Answer 22

In the gastric glands of the pyloric antrum

Question 23

What is the 10 year survival of stomach cancer?

Answer 23

17% of cases will make it to 10 years