Gynae + Female reproductive system

Question 1

what are the 4 main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 1

1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
2. Lutenising hormone (LH)
3. oestrogen
4. Progesterone

Question 2

What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 2

FSH & LH

Question 3

What hormone does the Hypothalamus produce?

Answer 3

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GRH)

Question 4

What are the two phases of the menstrual cycle and how long do they last?

Answer 4

1st phase is the follicular phase (varies in length, approx 14 days can be shorter)

2nd phase is the luteal phase this is always 14 days

Question 5

What is the function of LH and FSH?

Answer 5

LH - stimulates ovulation - release of an egg from the ovary

FSH - stimulates development of the primordial follicles within the ovaries

Question 6

What is the name of an immature egg in the ovary and how many roughly do we have per ovary?

Answer 6

Primordial follicle

200,000

Question 7

What cell type surrounds the mature follicle

Answer 7

Granulosa cells

Question 8

What layers of the endometrium are shedded during a period?

Answer 8

Superficial and middle layer

Question 9

On what day of the menstrual cycle does the period start and how long does it last?

Answer 9

Day 1 and it lasts approx 1-8 days of the cycle.

Question 10

what changes in the body does oestrogen stimulate?

Answer 10

stimulates development of endometrium lining

Stimulates growth of breast tissue

Thins the mucus in the cervix to allow sperm to reach egg

Question 11

When/Where is oestrogen produced from?

Answer 11

Before ovulation by the follicles

After ovulation by the corpus luteum

Question 12

what happens during ovulation

Answer 12

Mature follicle releases an ovum from the ovary and follicle becomes corpus luteum.

Question 13

What does the corpus luteum release?

Answer 13

Progesterone & oestrogen

Question 14

What physiological changes does progesterone stimulate post ovulation?

Answer 14

1. Thickens and maintains endometrium lining
2. Thickens mucus of the cervix to prevent other stuff getting up
3. Increases body temperature

Question 15

What hormone is produced when an egg is fertilised?

Answer 15

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)

Question 16

When does the corpus luteum degenerate?

Answer 16

If no HCG is present

Question 17

What does the drop in progesterone and oestrogen cause?

Answer 17

Lining of the endometrium to degenerate - menstruation begins

Removal of negative feedback - GRH, LH and FSH begin to rise again.

Question 18

Describe the anatomical positioning of the uterus

Answer 18

It is posterior and superior to the bladder
It is superior to the cervix/vagina
It is anterior to the rectum
It is medial to the ovaries

Question 19

What is the name of the membrane covers the organs of the pelvis?

Answer 19

Peritoneum

Question 20

How wide is the cervix and what does it let pass through?

Answer 20

0.5 cm and only certain fluids e.g

semen, blood, mucus

Question 21

What is the ligament called that connects the ovaries to the uterus?

Answer 21

ovarian ligament

Question 22

What are the uterine/fallopian tubes lined with?

Answer 22

Cilia

Question 23

Where does ovulation occur?

Answer 23

Ovary

Question 24

Where does fertilisation occur

Answer 24

fallopian tube

Question 25

What is the name of the fingerlike projections on the end of the fallopian tube which attract an ovum ?

Answer 25

Fimbriae

Question 26

What is the lining of the uterus called?

Answer 26

Endometrium

Question 27

What is the muscle layer of the uterus called?

Answer 27

Myometrium

Question 28

What is the space called between the vaginal opening and the anus ?

Answer 28

Perineum

Question 29

What structures make up the female external genitalia (Vulva)?

Answer 29

1. Labia (majora and minora)
2. Vaginal opening
3. Urethral opening
4. Clitoris
5. Mons pubis

Question 30

Where is the clitoris found?

Answer 30

Below the synthesis pubis,
lies anteriorally to the urethral and vaginal opening