Lung Flashcards
Name the components of the upper respiratory tract
Nose,
Pharynx,
Oral cavity
Name the components of the lower respiratory tract
Larynx,
Trachea,
Bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Bronchioles
Alveoli,
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
What number ribs are the
1. true ribes
2. false ribs
3. floating ribs
- Pairs 1-7
2 Pairs 8-12 - Pairs 11 & 12
Name the 5 components of the sternum
Jugular/suprasternal notch
manubrium
sternal angle
Body of the sternum
Xiphoid process
What is the name of the groove where the clavicle meets the sternum?
Sternoclavicular joint
Where is the neurovascular bundle found and what is it composed of?
Found in the intercostal space between the internal and innermost intercostal muscle.
Veins, arteries and nerves.
At what level of the vertebra does the trachea bifurcate and what is the name of this area?
t4/t5
Carina
What is the name of the muscle that connects the C-shaped cartilage rings
Trachealis muscle
How many cartilage rings make up the trachea
16-20
Name the 4 layers of the trachea
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia
What is the cell type that makes up the mucosa of the trachea
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
What are the 3 types of bronchioles
Conducting, terminal and respiratory
How do the primary and secondary bronchi differ between lobes?
Primary - right bronchi is wider and shorter
Secondary - right has 3 and left has 2, one bronchi per lobe
What are the two fissures on the right lung and where do they separate
Horizontal fissure - between right upper lobe and right middle lobe
Oblique fissure - between right middle lobe and right lower lobe
What is the top of the lungs called and where is it found?
Apex and is found situated superior to the clavicle bones
What is the hilus
Area of the medial surface of the lung that allows for passage of the primary bronchi, blood and lymph vessels and nerves to enter/exit the lungs
Describe the membrane formation that protects the lungs
Pleural membrane
2 serous membranes
1. Parietal membrane lines the chest wall
2. Visceral membrane covers the surface of the lung
Where is the cardiac notch found
This is a lateral deflection on the anterior surface of the left lung
How is the respiratory tract involved in the immune system?
It has mucous and ciliated mucous membranes that traps debris/pathogens and moves it away from the lungs
What is the difference between internal vs external respiration
Internal - occurs in the bodies tissues, gaseous exhange between the cells and the blood
External - occurs in the lungs, gaseous exchange between the alveoli and the blood
Describe the direction of movement of blood through the pulmonary vein and pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart to be pumped around the body
Pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What is the name of the nerve that supplies the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve (C3-5)
What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm that allows the oesophagus to pass through?
Oesophageal hiatus
What two processes make up ventilation?
Inspiration (breathing in)
Expiration (breathing out)
What are the diaphragm and intercostal muscles involvement in ventilation
Inspiration causes the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract resulting in flattening and rising respectively
Expiration causes the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to relax resulting in dome shape and lowering
