Lung

Question 1

Name the components of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

Nose,
Pharynx,
Oral cavity

Question 2

Name the components of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

Larynx,
Trachea,
Bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Bronchioles
Alveoli,
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 3

What number ribs are the
1. true ribes
2. false ribs
3. floating ribs

Answer 3

1. Pairs 1-7
   2 Pairs 8-12
2. Pairs 11 & 12

Question 4

Name the 5 components of the sternum

Answer 4

Jugular/suprasternal notch
manubrium
sternal angle
Body of the sternum
Xiphoid process

Question 5

What is the name of the groove where the clavicle meets the sternum?

Answer 5

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 6

Where is the neurovascular bundle found and what is it composed of?

Answer 6

Found in the intercostal space between the internal and innermost intercostal muscle.

Veins, arteries and nerves.

Question 7

At what level of the vertebra does the trachea bifurcate and what is the name of this area?

Answer 7

t4/t5

Carina

Question 8

What is the name of the muscle that connects the C-shaped cartilage rings

Answer 8

Trachealis muscle

Question 9

How many cartilage rings make up the trachea

Answer 9

16-20

Question 10

Name the 4 layers of the trachea

Answer 10

Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia

Question 11

What is the cell type that makes up the mucosa of the trachea

Answer 11

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 12

What are the 3 types of bronchioles

Answer 12

Conducting, terminal and respiratory

Question 13

How do the primary and secondary bronchi differ between lobes?

Answer 13

Primary - right bronchi is wider and shorter
Secondary - right has 3 and left has 2, one bronchi per lobe

Question 14

What are the two fissures on the right lung and where do they separate

Answer 14

Horizontal fissure - between right upper lobe and right middle lobe

Oblique fissure - between right middle lobe and right lower lobe

Question 15

What is the top of the lungs called and where is it found?

Answer 15

Apex and is found situated superior to the clavicle bones

Question 16

What is the hilus

Answer 16

Area of the medial surface of the lung that allows for passage of the primary bronchi, blood and lymph vessels and nerves to enter/exit the lungs

Question 17

Describe the membrane formation that protects the lungs

Answer 17

Pleural membrane
2 serous membranes
1. Parietal membrane lines the chest wall
2. Visceral membrane covers the surface of the lung

Question 18

Where is the cardiac notch found

Answer 18

This is a lateral deflection on the anterior surface of the left lung

Question 19

How is the respiratory tract involved in the immune system?

Answer 19

It has mucous and ciliated mucous membranes that traps debris/pathogens and moves it away from the lungs

Question 20

What is the difference between internal vs external respiration

Answer 20

Internal - occurs in the bodies tissues, gaseous exhange between the cells and the blood

External - occurs in the lungs, gaseous exchange between the alveoli and the blood

Question 21

Describe the direction of movement of blood through the pulmonary vein and pulmonary artery

Answer 21

Pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart to be pumped around the body

Pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 22

What is the name of the nerve that supplies the diaphragm?

Answer 22

Phrenic nerve (C3-5)

Question 23

What is the name of the opening in the diaphragm that allows the oesophagus to pass through?

Answer 23

Oesophageal hiatus

Question 24

What two processes make up ventilation?

Answer 24

Inspiration (breathing in)

Expiration (breathing out)

Question 25

What are the diaphragm and intercostal muscles involvement in ventilation

Answer 25

Inspiration causes the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract resulting in flattening and rising respectively

Expiration causes the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to relax resulting in dome shape and lowering