Nasal Cavity, sinuses, nasopharynx

Question 1

List the surface anatomy markers of the nose from top to bottom

Answer 1

Bridge/root of nose
Dorsum nasi
apex of nose
ala of nose
naris
Philtrum

Question 2

List 4 functions of the nose

Answer 2

1. respiratory - warms and humidifies inspired air
2. immune - traps and removes pathogens/particulates from inspired air
3. olfactory - responsible for sense of smell
4. drainage- acts as a drainage system from paranasal sinuses and lacrimal ducts

Question 3

What are the 3 regions of the nasal cavity and what are their cell types?

Answer 3

1. olfactory region - olfactory mucosa
2. respiratory region - ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium & goblet cells
3. Vestibule - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

what 3 structures make up the nasal septum

Answer 4

Perpendicular extension of the ethmoid plate, vomer and
septum cartilage

Question 5

List the 3 nasal conchae and what do they form?

Answer 5

Superior nasal conchae
Middle nasal conchae
Inferior nasal conchae

Question 6

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

Answer 6

Projections of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity - they form pathways (called meatuses) for air to flow through the nasal cavity.

Question 7

what is the perforated part of the ethmoid bone called?

Answer 7

Cribriform plate - holes to allow the olfactory nerves to pass

Question 8

Where does the blood supply to the nasal cavity come from?

Answer 8

Branches of the internal carotid arteries

Question 9

Name two structures that drain into the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

Nasolacrimal duct
+
Paranasal sinuses

Question 10

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 10

1. Maxillary sinus
2. Sphenoid sinus
3. Ethmoid sinus
4. Frontal sinus

Question 11

Give 4 functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 11

1. Decrease weight of skull
2. immune defence
3. produces mucous for tissues of the nasal cavity
4. helps warm & humidify inhaled air

Question 12

What is the sella turcica

Answer 12

Saddle shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.

Question 13

List the 4 muscles of mastication

Answer 13

1. Temporalis
2. Masseter
3. medial pterygoid
4. lateral pterygoid

Question 14

Where is the nasopharynx located

Answer 14

behind the nasal cavity above the soft palate

Question 15

What is the important location within the nasopharynx

Answer 15

Fossa of rosenmuller (pharyngeal recess) - contains the retropharyngeal nodes

Question 16

What lymphoid tissue is present in the nasopharynx?

Answer 16

Pharyngeal tonsils

Question 17

What is the first lymph node involved in nasopharynx cancer

Answer 17

Retropharyngeal lymph node and if it is more than 1cm in diameter this is not normal.

Question 18

What type of cartilage is the nasal cartilage

Answer 18

hyaline

Question 19

List the nasal cartilages:

Answer 19

1. nasal septum cartilage
   2.Upper lateral cartilage (L+R)
2. Major Alar cartilage (Lateral crus and medial crus)
3. Minor alar cartilage

Question 20

What is the name of the recess that connects the sphenoid sinus to the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

Spenoethmoidal recess

Question 21

What is the most common histology of nasal tumours?

Answer 21

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 22

List 5 signs and symptoms of nasal related cancer

Answer 22

1.permanently blocked nose
2.rhinorrhea (runny nose)
3.nosebleeds
4.trismus (locked jaw)
5. Pain in the face

Question 23

List 3 ways nasal cancer may be clinically investigated:

Answer 23

1. physical examination
2. nasoendoscopy/biopsy
3. imaging scan CT/MRI

Question 24

What is the name of lymph node removal in the neck?

Answer 24

Radical neck dissection

Question 25

Which nasal cancer is usually unsuitable for surgery and why?

Answer 25

Nasopharynx cancer - difficult to resect from this location