STIs/Genital syndromes Flashcards
What is the definition of a commensal microorganism?
A microorganism that derives food or other benefits from another microorganism without hurting or helping it
What is a pathogen?
A micro-organism that can cause disease
What is a sexually transmissable organism?
A virus, bacteria, protozoan, insect or arthropod which can be spread by sexual contact
- Commensal
- Pathogen
What is a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?
An infection by a pathogen which is sexually transmissible and which is unlikely to be transmitted by non-sexual means
eg Neisseria gonorrhoeae
HPV type 6
What is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
A disorder of structure or function caused by a sexually transmitted pathogen
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Genital warts
List some sexually transmitted bacteria
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum pallidum) Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorhoeae Chlamydia trachomatis Klebsiella granulomatis Mycoplasma genitalium Chancroid (Haemophilus decreyi)
List some sexually transmitted viruses?
HSV
HIV
HPV
Molluscum conatagiosum virus
List some sexually transmitted parasites?
Pthirus pubis
Sarcoptes scabei
Trichomonas vaginalis
List some characterstics of STIs
- Transmissable
- Mostly asymptomatic
- All manageable, not always curable
- Avoidable
What are the implications around STIs?
- Partner notification
- Prevention from population
- Treatment and prevention of complications
- Primary prevention - education
Which STIs require only genital contact for transmission?
- Pubic lice
- Scabies
- Warts (HPV 6+11)
- Herpes (HSV 1 + 2)
Which STIs require group sex for transmission?
Hepatitis C
What are some systemic symptoms from STIs?
- Fever
- Rash
- Lymphadenopathy
- Malaise
- Infertility
- Cancer
Why are STIs important?
- Cause morbidity and can kill
- Unpleasant symptoms + psychological
- Drain on resources
- Common
What are possible reasons for number of STI diagnosis changing over time?
- Change in number of cases (Different practices etc)
- Change in diagnosis, but no change in cases (More access, better testing)
What are the components of management of someone with an STI?
- Good history
- Partner notification
- HIV testing
- Health promotion
List some components of risk assessment for a man for sexual health?
- Sexual contact with a man?
- Have you ever injected drugs?
- Sexual contact with IVDU?
- Sexual contact with someone from outside the UK?
- Medical treatment outside the UK?
- Involvement with the sex industry?
What are some presenting complaints of genital symptoms?
- Discharge from an orifice
- Pain
- Rashes
- Lumps and swellings
- Cuts, sores, ulcers
- Itching
- Change in appearance
- Vague sense of things not being right
What are potential causes of genital symptoms?
STD
Other microbial problem
Non-microbial health issues
List some microbial genital conditions not considered STDs.
- Vulvovaginal candidosis
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Balanoposthitis - anerobic/candidal
- Tinea cruris
- Erythasma
- Infected sebaecous glands
- Impetigo
- Cellulitis
What symptoms may present as perception of abnormality, with no clinical findings.
- Vaginal discharge
- Urethral discahrge
- Dysuria
- Genital/pelvic discomfort
- Rashes
- Skin lumps
- Penis size, scrotal lumps, labial shape (If persistant - consider body dysmorphia)
Consider psychosocial problems in these cases
What clinical genital findings are just physiological?
Fox-fordyce spots
Vulval papillomatosis
Pearly Penile Papules
Tyson’s glands
What are some pain syndromes related to the genitals?
Vestibulodynia (Provoked introital tenderness)
Vulvodynia (Persistant burning/itching)
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
What are some causes of genital symptoms that are non-microbial?
- Pain syndromes
- Dermatoses
- Congenital
- Traumatic
- Neoplastic
- Manifestations of systemic disease
