STIs and PID

Question 1

what organism causes gonorrhoea

Answer 1

neisseria gonorrhoea

Question 2

what is the gram stain for gonorrhoea

Answer 2

gram negative diplococcus

Question 3

what are the symptoms for gonorrhoea

Answer 3

discharge, dysuria

females are usually asymptomatic

Question 4

what is the treatment for gonorrhoea

Answer 4

IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin

Question 5

why is azithromycin given in gonorrhoea

Answer 5

boosts the effects of ceftriaxone
prevents resistance to ceftriaxone
also treats chlamydia which is a common co-infection with gonorrhoea

Question 6

what organism causes chlamydia

Answer 6

Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium

Question 7

what are the symptoms of chlamydia

Answer 7

dysuria, discharge, inter menstrual bleeding, conjunctivas, pharyngeal infection

Question 8

what is the treatment for chlamydia

Answer 8

doxycycline

Question 9

what causes herpes

Answer 9

herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2

Question 10

what are the symptoms of herpes

Answer 10

painful ulceration, dysuria, discharge, fever

Question 11

what is the treatment for herpes

Answer 11

antivirals (aciclovir)

Question 12

what causes syphilis

Answer 12

treponema pallidum

Question 13

what are the stage of symptoms in syphilis

Answer 13

primary stage = painless ulcer
secondary = rash 10 weeks after
latent stage = symptom free
tertiary = 40 years layer - systemic effects e.g aortic regurgitation

Question 14

what is the treatment for syphilis

Answer 14

antibiotics (penicillin)

Question 15

what are the symptoms for trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 15

frothy discharge, strawberry cervix, dysuria

Question 16

what causes anogenital warts

Answer 16

HPV causes the benign lesions

Question 17

what type of cancer can HPV cause

Answer 17

cervical cancer

Question 18

what causes bacterial vaginosis

Answer 18

an imbalance of pH in the vagina e.g. from douching

Question 19

what are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

Answer 19

fishy discharge

Question 20

what is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis

Answer 20

metronidazole

Question 21

what organism causes candidiasis

Answer 21

Canidida albicans

Question 22

what are the symptoms of candidiasis

Answer 22

ichting, discharge

Question 23

what is used to treat candidiasis

Answer 23

topical and oral antifungals (azoles)

Question 24

what do endocervical swabs look for

Answer 24

gonorrhoea and chlamydia

Question 25

what do high vaginal swabs look for

Answer 25

BV

Question 26

what are pelvic inflammatory diseases

Answer 26

where infection spread from the endocervix to the uterus, Fallopian tubes and potentially the peritoneal cavity

Question 27

why can abscesses form in PID

Answer 27

adhesions block off the Fallopian tubes so the inflammatory exudate will build up in the tubes to give an abscess

Question 28

what are the symptoms of PID

Answer 28

abdominal pain, pyrexia, abnormal discharge, vaginal bleeding mostly asymptomatic for a while

Question 29

what are the causes of PID

Answer 29

infection - chlamydia, gonorrhoea, BV | copper coil

Question 30

what investigations are carried out in suspected PID

Answer 30

``` urine test pregnancy test endocervical and high vaginal swabs blood tests HIV screening ```

Question 31

what are the potential consequences of PID

Answer 31

infertility ectopic pregnancies chronic pelvic pain Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Question 32

what cause of PID causes Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Answer 32

chlamydia

Question 33

what is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Answer 33

where the infection spreads into the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis) and go to the liver to cause hepatitis and RUQ pain

Question 34

what is the treatment for PID

Answer 34

14 day course of ceftriaxone, doxycycline and metronidazole

Question 35

why is there chronic pelvic pain in PID

Answer 35

adhesion stick the uterus to abdominal wall causing a fixed retroverted uterus

Question 36

why is there infertility in PID

Answer 36

as adhesion prevent the movement of the egg/sperm

Question 37

why is there an increased chance of ectopic pregnancies with PID

Answer 37

adhesions and damaged cilia prevent the egg moving through the tube so it implants early into the tube