Male Reproductive system Flashcards
at what temperature does spermatogenesis occur
35 degrees
what occurs in the epididymis
sperm maturation
what occurs in the efferent ductules
excess fluid is lost and the sperm become more concentrated
where does spermatogenesis occur
seminiferous tubules
what is hydrocoele
when the sac surrounding the testicle fills with fluid
what do Sertoli cells do
allow for sperm formation and maturation
where are Sertoli cells found
in the seminiferous tubules
what do leydig cells do
produce testosterone
where are leydig cells found
outside the seminiferous tubules in the interstitum
which organelles are abundant in leading cells
SER and lipid droplets
describe the testicular arterial blood supply
blood supply comes from the abdominal aorta
describe the testicular venous drainage
the left side drains into the renal artery and then the IVC but the right testicular vein drains directly into the IVC
describe the lymphatic drainage of the testicles
the lymphatics drain to the para aortic nodes
where is the scrotal lymphatic drainage
in the inguinal area
what cancer would enlarged lymph nodes in the groin suggest
scrotal cancer
what is testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord occluding the veins, this increases pressure, ultimately occluding the arteries
after how long after a testicular torsion is it likely that the testicle won’t be saved
12 hours
what is the treatment for testicular torsion
surgery to untwist the cord and fixation of the testes
true or false; the ureter passes under the vas deferens
true - remember water under the bridge
what is the function of the prostrate
- stops urine escaping as it surrounds the urethra
- produces an alkaline solution to neutralise the vaginas acidity
what does the seminal vesicle do
produces a fructose rich solution to make up 2/3 of the volume of the secreted solution
what part of the prostrate does BPH affect
transitional zone
what are the symptoms of BPH
urinary problems as it compresses the urethra
what part of the prostrate does prostrate cancers affect
peripheral zone
true or false; prostrate cancers give urinary problems
false - as the masses don’t impinge on the urethra
on rectal examination would you be able to feel for BPH and prostrate cancers
only prostrate cancers
describe the structure of the cross section of the penis
pair of corpus cavernosum
corpus spongiosum surrounding the urethra
what is vasodilation of the blood vessels in the penis initiated by
parasympathetic nervous system
true or false; the sympathetic nervous system initiates an erection
false - it terminates one by vasoconstriction
true or false; the sympathetic nervous system initiates ejaculation
true
describe the tunica albuginea of the penis
there are 2 layers of collagen fibres arranged at right angles to each other
describe the arterial blood supply to the penis
from the internal iliac artery to the internal pudendal artery
what is the advantage of the pampimiform venous system
it allows for maximum heat transfer from the testicular artery meaning the testes can remain cool
how would you detect a testicular cancer
through MRI as the testes lymph drainage goes to the para aortic nodes which can’t be palpated
what is varicoele
swelling of the pampimiform venous plexus
why does varicoele normal occur in the left testis
as the left venous drainage is more congested as it goes into the renal vein first
why might varicoele occur on the right
due to a mass/obstruction/tumour in the IVC
what is haematocoele
where vessel damage means blood accumulates in the tunica vaginalis
what structural difference makes testicular torsion more common
bell clapper shaped tunica vaginalis
list some reasons for testicular swelling
infection, inflammation, torsion, haematocoele, varicoele, hydrocoele, cyst
what are the 3 nerves in the spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve, nerve to vas deferens, cremasteric nerve
what are the 3 fascia in the spermatic cord
internal spermatic, cremasteric, external spermatic
what are the 3 veins in the spermatic cord
vein to vas deferens, testicular vein, cremasteric vein
what are the 3 arteries in the spermatic cord
artery to vas deferens, cremasteric, testicular
what are the layers of the scrotum
skin dartos fascia external spermatic fascia cremasteric fascia and muscle internal spermatic fascia tunica vaginalis tunica aberguinea