Male Reproductive system

Question 1

at what temperature does spermatogenesis occur

Answer 1

35 degrees

Question 2

what occurs in the epididymis

Answer 2

sperm maturation

Question 3

what occurs in the efferent ductules

Answer 3

excess fluid is lost and the sperm become more concentrated

Question 4

where does spermatogenesis occur

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules

Question 5

what is hydrocoele

Answer 5

when the sac surrounding the testicle fills with fluid

Question 6

what do Sertoli cells do

Answer 6

allow for sperm formation and maturation

Question 7

where are Sertoli cells found

Answer 7

in the seminiferous tubules

Question 8

what do leydig cells do

Answer 8

produce testosterone

Question 9

where are leydig cells found

Answer 9

outside the seminiferous tubules in the interstitum

Question 10

which organelles are abundant in leading cells

Answer 10

SER and lipid droplets

Question 11

describe the testicular arterial blood supply

Answer 11

blood supply comes from the abdominal aorta

Question 12

describe the testicular venous drainage

Answer 12

the left side drains into the renal artery and then the IVC but the right testicular vein drains directly into the IVC

Question 13

describe the lymphatic drainage of the testicles

Answer 13

the lymphatics drain to the para aortic nodes

Question 14

where is the scrotal lymphatic drainage

Answer 14

in the inguinal area

Question 15

what cancer would enlarged lymph nodes in the groin suggest

Answer 15

scrotal cancer

Question 16

what is testicular torsion

Answer 16

twisting of the spermatic cord occluding the veins, this increases pressure, ultimately occluding the arteries

Question 17

after how long after a testicular torsion is it likely that the testicle won’t be saved

Answer 17

12 hours

Question 18

what is the treatment for testicular torsion

Answer 18

surgery to untwist the cord and fixation of the testes

Question 19

true or false; the ureter passes under the vas deferens

Answer 19

true - remember water under the bridge

Question 20

what is the function of the prostrate

Answer 20

• stops urine escaping as it surrounds the urethra

- produces an alkaline solution to neutralise the vaginas acidity

Question 21

what does the seminal vesicle do

Answer 21

produces a fructose rich solution to make up 2/3 of the volume of the secreted solution

Question 22

what part of the prostrate does BPH affect

Answer 22

transitional zone

Question 23

what are the symptoms of BPH

Answer 23

urinary problems as it compresses the urethra

Question 24

what part of the prostrate does prostrate cancers affect

Answer 24

peripheral zone

Question 25

true or false; prostrate cancers give urinary problems

Answer 25

false - as the masses don't impinge on the urethra

Question 26

on rectal examination would you be able to feel for BPH and prostrate cancers

Answer 26

only prostrate cancers

Question 27

describe the structure of the cross section of the penis

Answer 27

pair of corpus cavernosum | corpus spongiosum surrounding the urethra

Question 28

what is vasodilation of the blood vessels in the penis initiated by

Answer 28

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 29

true or false; the sympathetic nervous system initiates an erection

Answer 29

false - it terminates one by vasoconstriction

Question 30

true or false; the sympathetic nervous system initiates ejaculation

Answer 30

true

Question 31

describe the tunica albuginea of the penis

Answer 31

there are 2 layers of collagen fibres arranged at right angles to each other

Question 32

describe the arterial blood supply to the penis

Answer 32

from the internal iliac artery to the internal pudendal artery

Question 33

what is the advantage of the pampimiform venous system

Answer 33

it allows for maximum heat transfer from the testicular artery meaning the testes can remain cool

Question 34

how would you detect a testicular cancer

Answer 34

through MRI as the testes lymph drainage goes to the para aortic nodes which can't be palpated

Question 35

what is varicoele

Answer 35

swelling of the pampimiform venous plexus

Question 36

why does varicoele normal occur in the left testis

Answer 36

as the left venous drainage is more congested as it goes into the renal vein first

Question 37

why might varicoele occur on the right

Answer 37

due to a mass/obstruction/tumour in the IVC

Question 38

what is haematocoele

Answer 38

where vessel damage means blood accumulates in the tunica vaginalis

Question 39

what structural difference makes testicular torsion more common

Answer 39

bell clapper shaped tunica vaginalis

Question 40

list some reasons for testicular swelling

Answer 40

infection, inflammation, torsion, haematocoele, varicoele, hydrocoele, cyst

Question 41

what are the 3 nerves in the spermatic cord

Answer 41

ilioinguinal nerve, nerve to vas deferens, cremasteric nerve

Question 42

what are the 3 fascia in the spermatic cord

Answer 42

internal spermatic, cremasteric, external spermatic

Question 43

what are the 3 veins in the spermatic cord

Answer 43

vein to vas deferens, testicular vein, cremasteric vein

Question 44

what are the 3 arteries in the spermatic cord

Answer 44

artery to vas deferens, cremasteric, testicular

Question 45

what are the layers of the scrotum

Answer 45

``` skin dartos fascia external spermatic fascia cremasteric fascia and muscle internal spermatic fascia tunica vaginalis tunica aberguinea ```