STIs Flashcards
List 8 factors affecting genital tract infection prevelence and explain what is the most common of each.
Age - 15-24 Ethnicity - black most likely Socioeconomic status - low bc condoms are expensive, society. Sexual partners - more Sexual orientation - MSM Age at first intercourse - lower means more risky behaviour Condom use - less use is more likely Menstrual cycle - some can be cyclical.
Explain the burdens of STIs to the health service and society. (7)
Stigma
Costs to healthcare services
Complications - PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, epididymitis.
HPV cancer risk
Syphillis complications - CVS, neuro, opthalmic.
Vertical transmission
Increasing risk of antimicrobial resistance.
Describe chlamydia. (4)
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacteria that is not seen on gram staining because it has no cell wall. Most common STI in the UK.
Describe the symptoms of chlamydia infection in men. (4)
Mild urethritis
Dysuria
Epididymitis
Prostatitis
Describe the symptoms of chlamydia infection in women. (4)
Typically asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge
Dyspareuria
Post-coital bleeding
Describe possible complications of chlamydia infection. (3)
PID
Conjunctivitis
Reactive arthritis
“Can’t pee, can’t see, can’t bend at the knee.”
Describe how chlamydia is investigated. (3)
NAAT - nucleic acid amplification test.
Urine in men
Vulvovaginal swab in women.
Describe the treatment of chlamydia (2)
Doxyciclin
Erythromycin in pregnancy
Describe gonorrhoea. (2)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram negative intracellular diplococcus.
Describe symptoms of gonorrhoea in men. (2)
Discharge
Dysuria
Describe symptoms of gonorrhoea in women. (3)
Asymptomatic often
Vaginal discharge
Lower abdominal pain.
Describe complications seen in gonorrhoea (2)
Epididymo-orchitis
PID
Describe treatments for gonorrhoea (2)
Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin to “boost effectiveness” because resistance is high.
Describe how gonorrhoea is diagnosed. (3)
NAAT - nucleic acid amplification test
Vulvovaginal or endocervical swab in women
Urine in men.
Describe syphilis. (5)
Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacteria that has 3 stages:
Primary - painless ulcer on site of contact. Very infective but not permanently visible.
Secondary - associated rash or other symptoms that disappear.
Tertiary - latent infection that can be reactivated.
Describe the treatments for syphilis. (1)
Very strong penicillin
Describe the diagnosis of syphilis. (2)
Blood tests or swabs of the primary ulcers.
Describe anogenital warts. (2)
Most common viral STI caused by HPV, most often strains 6+11.
Describe the presentation and treatment of anogenital warts. (3)
Typically presents with painless genital warts on the penis, vulva, vagina, cervix, or perianal skin. They usually go away with no treatment, although topical creams are available.
Describe herpes(4)
Two strains of the herpes simplex virus:
HSV-1: oral and genital herpes
HSV-2: typically genital herpes which is often recurrent. Especially dangerous in pregnancy.
Describe trichomonas vaginalis (1)
A sexually transmitted Protozoa.
Describe the symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis in men. (3)
Asymptomatic
Dysuria
Discharge
Describe the symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis in women. (2)
Vaginal discharge that is often yellow and irritates the vagina and vulva.
Describe how trichomonas vaginalis is diagnosed. (2)
High vaginal swabs in women.
Mid stream urine culture in men.
