Contraception

Question 1

Types of natural contraception. (4)

Answer 1

Abstinence
Withdrawal method
Fertility awareness methods
Lactational amenorrhoea

Question 2

Explain how lactation amenorrhoea acts as a form of contraception. (2)

Answer 2

Suckling disrupts GnRH so can prevent the production of LH and FSH and therefore prevent ovulation.

Question 3

Advantages of natural methods (2)

Answer 3

No hormones

No contraindications.

Question 4

Disadvantages of natural methods (4)

Answer 4

Unreliable
No STI protection
Sperm is released pre-ejaculate (pull out)
Lots of effort.

Question 5

Types of barrier method (2)

Answer 5

Male condoms

Diaphragms

Question 6

Advantages of barrier methods (5)

Answer 6

Widely available
No hormones
No contraindications
Reliable if used right 
PROTECTS FROM STIs.

Question 7

Disadvantages of barrier methods (3)

Answer 7

Not romantic
Expire
Latex allergy

Question 8

Types of oestrogen and progesterone mixed contraception. (3)

Answer 8

Combined pill
Patches
Ring

Question 9

Advantages of oestrogen and progesterone together contraception. (2)

Answer 9

Prevents ovulation

Reduces risks of ovarian cysts / ovarian cancer / endometrial cancer.

Question 10

Disadvantages of oestrogen and progesterone together. (6)

Answer 10

No STI protection
Contraindications - BMI, migraine, breast cancer
Increased risk of MI, stroke, breast and endometrial cancer
User failure
Missed pill rules
Side effects - break through, mood swings.

Question 11

Types of high dose progesterone contraception.

Answer 11

Depot injections

Implant

Question 12

Advantages of depot (3)

Answer 12

Prevents ovulation
No user failure
Doesn’t contain oestrogen

Question 13

Advantages of implant (5)

Answer 13

Prevents ovulation
No user failure
Doesn’t contain oestrogen 
LARC 
Fertility returns quickly once removed.

Question 14

Disadvantages of implant (2)

Answer 14

No STI protection

Minor procedure

Question 15

Disadvantages of depot (4)

Answer 15

No STI protection
Jabs
Need 12 weekly appointments
24 month delay in fertility returning

Question 16

Types of low dose progesterone

Answer 16

Mini pill

Question 17

Advantages of mini pill (3)

Answer 17

Thickens cervical mucus
Quickly reversible
No oestrogen

Question 18

Disadvantages of mini pill (6)

Answer 18

User dependent
Menstrual problems
Doesn’t inhibit ovulation
Increased risk of ectopic
No STI protection
Missed pill rules

Question 19

Types of implantation inhibiting contraception and how they work

Answer 19

IUS - progesterone reduces endometrial proliferation

IUD - copper is toxic to sperm and ovum.

Question 20

Advantages of coils (2)

Answer 20

LARC

No user dependence

Question 21

Disadvantages of coils (5)

Answer 21

Insertion and removal pains
Risk of uterine perforation if not antiverted antiflexed
Menstrual irregularity (esp menorrhagia with copper)
No STI protection
Displacement may occur

Question 22

Types of sterilisation

Answer 22

Vasectomy - Vas Deferens cut to prevent sperm entering ejaculate
Tubal ligation or clipping - Fallopian tubes

Question 23

Advantages of sterilisation (1)

Answer 23

Permanent

Question 24

Disadvantages of sterilisation (3)

Answer 24

Permanent
Failure rate
Minor (men) or major (women) operation

Question 25

How does COCP work?

Answer 25

Inhibits ovulation

Question 26

How does POP work?

Answer 26

Inhibits sperm transport

Question 27

How does IUS work?

Answer 27

Inhibits sperm transport and prevents implantation.

Question 28

How does IUD work?

Answer 28

Prevents implantation and toxic to sperm.

Question 29

How do implant or depot work?

Answer 29

Inhibit ovulation.

Question 30

Explain the missed pill rules. (2)

Answer 30

If you miss a day, don’t double dose and use condoms until your next break.
Unless that day was in the last 7 days of the packet, then begin the next one straight away with no break.