Infertility Flashcards
Define primary subfertility. (3)
Failure of conception in a couple having regular unprotected sex for one year having never before conceived.
Define secondary subfertility (3)
Failure of conception in a couple having regular unprotected sex for one year Who have previously conceived in any form.
Give 7 common causes of subfertility.
Factors in the male - 30% Unexplained - 25% Ovulatory disorders - 25% Tubal damage - 20% Uterine disorders - 10% Coital disorders - ED, pain Other health problems.
Give pre-testicular causes of subfertility in men. (2)
Endocrine - hypothyroidism, diabetes.
Give testicular causes of subfertility in men (8)
Genetic - Kleinfelter’s
Infective - STIs
Antispermatogenic agents - heat, radiation, chemotherapy
Vascular - torsion, varicocele.
Give post-testicular causes of subfertility in men. (2)
Obstructive
Coital problems - ED
Describe ovulatory disorders as a cause of subfertility in women. (3)
HPO failure
HPO dysfunction - polycystic ovaries.
Ovarian failure.
Describe uterine or peritoneal disorders as a cause of subfertility in women. (5)
Uterine fibroids Endometriosis PID Surgery or scarring Müllerian Development abnormality - agenesis, septation.
Describe tubal damage as a cause of subfertility in women. (3)
Endometriosis
Ectopic pregnancy
Previous surgery
Development abnormalities
Describe investigations in the male you would undergo to investigate subfertility. (3)
Semen analysis
Blood tests
Urethral swabs.
Describe investigations in the female you would undergo to investigate subfertility. (4)
Blood test (LH/FSH on day 2, progesterone on day 21)
Smear
Swabs
Hysterosalpingogram - tube latency
What advice would you give a couple who were struggling with fertility? (6)
Stop smoking Stop drinking Reduce stress Eat healthy Lose weight Regular sexual intercourse
