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Infection And Clinical Practice > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

What Sx are associated with urethritis?

A

Discharge
Frequency/dysuria
Dyspareunia (women)
Meatitis

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2
Q

Which of gonorrhoea and chlamydia is usually asymptomatic and which is often symptomatic?

A

Gonorrhoea usually Sx

Chlamydia usually no Sx

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3
Q

Is gonorrhoea usually symptomatic?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Is chlamydia usually symptomatic?

A

No

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5
Q

What investigations are appropriate for urethritis?

A

Gram stain discharge swabs looking for WBCs

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6
Q

Presence of what on gram stain indicates gonorrhoea? Absence = what?

A

Presence of gram negative intracellular diplococci

Absence = non-gonococcal urethritis

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7
Q

What is the next step after identifying presence of gonorrhoea infection?

A

Culture and sensitivity for neisseria gonorrhoea

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8
Q

What investigation is used for identifying both chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

A

PCR

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9
Q

What is urethritis if not caused by gonorrhoea or chlamydia?

A

Non-specific urethritis

Often mycoplasma or ureaplasma

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10
Q

Treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone 500mg OD (/cefexime 400mg PO)
And azithromycin 1g single dose
Alternatively ciprofloxacin/ofloxacin BD for 7 days

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11
Q

Treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days

Or azithromycin 1g PO stat

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12
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of urethritis?

A

Gonorrhoea

Chlamydia

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13
Q

3 common infectious causes of vaginal discharge?

A

BV
Trichomonas
Candida

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14
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind BV?

A

Anaerobic gardnerella vaginalis replace lactobacilli in vagina

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15
Q

Describe the discharge associated with BV?

A

Malodorous, grey, ‘dirty’

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16
Q

What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?

A

Perihepatitis with violin string adhesions, caused by gonorrhoea spread via paracolic gutters

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17
Q

Complications of gonorrhoea or chlamydia infection?

A 
Local abscess/Bartholinitis in women
Epididymo-orchitis or prostatitis in men
PID
Disseminated gonococcal infection (FHC syndrome)
Neonatal ophthalmia/conjunctivitis
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18
Q

In what 2 groups is BV more common in?

A

WSW and IVDU

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19
Q

Ix to identify BV?

A

Often clinical - KOH ‘sniff test’

Clue cells on smear

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20
Q

Rx for BV if required?

A

Metronidazole

21
Q

Describe the Sx associated with vaginal candidiasis?

A

Vulvovaginitis - itch worse at night, non-malodorous white discharge, painful fissuring

22
Q

RFs for candidiasis?

A

Poor hygiene

Immunosuppression - DM, pregnancy, HIV

23
Q

What can a film show when sample is positive for candidiasis?

A

Spores and pseduohyphae

24
Q

Rx for candidiasis?

A

Pessary - clotrimazole

Single dose fluconazole

25
Q

What is Trichomonas infection?

A

Causes very offensive vaginal discharge and itching

26
Q

Is trichomonas symptomatic in men? Under what circumstances?

A

Often no unless Afro-Caribbean

27
Q

Results on film positive for trichomonas?

A

Motile flagellated protozoa on wet slide

28
Q

Rx for trichomonas?

A

Metronidazole

29
Q

2 common causes of genital ulcers?

A

HSV infection

Syphillis - treponema pallidum

30
Q

Bacterial cause of chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

31
Q

2 types of HSV causing ulcers? Which is which?

A

Oral = HSV1
Genital = HSV2
Although the 2 are interchangeable

32
Q

What diagnostic method is used for coding HSV infection?

A

PCR

33
Q

Rx (if necessary) for HSV?

A

Aciclovir topical

34
Q

Causative microorganism of Syphillis?

A

Treponema pallidum

35
Q

What is the first sore that presents in a Syphillis infection called?

A

Primary chankre

36
Q

What rash is commonly associated with Syphillis?

A

Palmarplantar

37
Q

Someone presents with a sore, rash, painless lymphadenopathy. What 2 things should be considered?

A

HIV

Syphillis

38
Q

Possible manifestations for early (infectious) period of Syphillis (

A

Primary, secondary or early latent

39
Q

Manifestations of late (non-infectious) period of Syphillis (>2 years)?

A

Late latent
CV infection
Neurosyphillis
Gummatous liver

40
Q

What organism may be visible on microscopy in a Syphillis infection?

A

Spirochete

41
Q

3 tests for Syphillis in the lab?

A

PCR

Serology - VDRL (nonspecific) and treponemal IgG EIA

42
Q

2 serological tests for Syphillis?

A

VDRL

Treponemal IgG EIA

43
Q

Rx for Syphillis?

A

Benzathine penicillin injection

Or doxycycline

44
Q

Tropical infections causing genital warts?

A

Chancroid

Lymphogranuloma (tropical chlamydia with HIV association)

45
Q

What are the common causative agents of genital warts?

A

HPV 6 and 11

46
Q

What is Gardasil protective against?

A

HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18

47
Q

Rx approaches for genital warts?

A

Freezing (cryotherapy)
Cautery
Podophyllotoxin
Imiquimod

48
Q

What is molloscum contagiosum?

A

Can cause genital warts but also commonly spread around schoolyards eg on arms

Infection And Clinical Practice (13 decks)

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