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Infection And Clinical Practice > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

What important bone infection is caused by s aureus?

A

Osteomyelitis

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2
Q

3 structural pathogenicity factors of s aureus?

A

Peptidoglycan
Protein A
Clumping factor

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3
Q

3 types of exotoxins produced by s aureus?

A

Alpha to gamma lysins
TSST
Enterotoxins

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4
Q

What is Panton-Valentine leukocidin and what does it do?

A

An exotoxin associated with highly virulent s aureus strains incl MRSA
Lyses polymorphonuclear leukocytes

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5
Q

What disease is PVL associated with in kids?

A

Severe necrotising pneumonia

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6
Q

Suitable antibiotics for MSSA?

A

Flucloxacillin

Macrolides, aminoglycosides

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7
Q

Suitable antibiotics for MRSA?

A

Glycopeptides incl vancomycin, daptomycin

Linezolide

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8
Q

What criteria defines B haemolytic streptococci as group A, B, C, D etc.? What does it describe?

A

Lancefield criteria

The antigens carried on the cell surface

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9
Q

What is the extra cellular enzyme which distinguishes s aureus from other staphylococcus species?

A

Coagulate

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10
Q

What are 2 examples of common alpha haemolytic strep?

A

Strep pneumoniae

Viridans group

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11
Q

What do alpha haemolytic strep do to blood on blood agar?

A

Oxidise the intracellular iron, turning rbcs green

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12
Q

What do beta haemolytic streptococci do to blood?

A

Completely haemolyse rbcs, leaving clear area on blood agar

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13
Q

What do gamma haemolytic streptococci do to blood?

A

No haemolysing activity

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14
Q

What are the 3 major groups of beta haemolytic streptococci?

A

A B D

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15
Q

What is the archetypal group A strep?

A

Strep pyogenes

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16
Q

What are the 2 major types of virulence factors on strep pyogenes (GAS)?

A

Streptolysins (O and S)

Streptococcal pyogenes exotoxins (Spe) A and C

17
Q

What are SpeA and SpeC responsible for?

A

Rash in Scarlett fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

18
Q

What is acute rheumatic fever a complication of? Why does it occur?

A 
Strep pyogenes (GAS) infection, usually respiratory
M protein generates cross reactive autoAbs to endocardial and synovial tissue
19
Q

How does acute rheumatic fever most commonly present? How else can it manifest?

A

As a migratory polyarthritis

Can also manifest as a pancarditis +/- pericarditis

20
Q

What is rheumatic disease of the heart?

A

A chronic inflammation of the endocardium (particularly mitral valve) due to previous acute rheumatic fever infection

21
Q

What is a renal complication of GAS infection?

A

Post-strep glomerulonephritis

22
Q

What is an important cause of puerperal fever/sepsis?

A

Strep pyogenes (GAS)

23
Q

What complication can GAS cause in new mothers?

A

Puerperal fever and sepsis

24
Q

What is the archetypal group B strep (B haemolytic)?

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

25
Q

What are the most important manifestation of GBS (strep agalactiae) infection?

A

Neonatal meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia (and old people)

Miscarriage, stillbirth, PPROM due to colonisation in maternal intestines and female reproductive tract

26
Q

What have many group D strep been recategorised as?

A

Enterococci

27
Q

What are 2 clinically relevant bacteria still classed as GDS?

A

Strep bovis and strep equinus

28
Q

2 common species of enterococci commensal in intestines?

A 
Enterococcus faecalis (90%)
Enterococcus faecium (10%)
29
Q

What haemolytic activity do most enterococci have? 2 exceptions?

A

Mostly gamma haemolytic
E faecalis = sometimes alpha
E faecium = sometimes beta

30
Q

What are enterococci examples of? How do they respire?

A

Lactobacilli - facultative anaerobes

31
Q

4 important clinical manifestations of enterococcus infection?

A

Diverticulitis
UTI
Endocarditis
Meningitis

32
Q

What can an enterococci-induced UTI be treated with?

A

Nitrofurantoin

33
Q

What are all enterococci intrinsically resistant to?

A

Cephalosporins and many B lactams + aminoglycosides

34
Q

What other chronic condition are enterococci thought to be responsible for, due to biofilm formation?

A

Chronic bacterial prostatitis

35
Q

3 types of coliforms?

A

Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Fecal coliforms incl escherichia

Infection And Clinical Practice (13 decks)

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