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Pharm Spring 2023 > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

What is syphilis caused by?

A
  1. Treponema pallidum (Spirochete)
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2
Q

What is the clinical presentation of syphilis?

A
  1. Appearance of a chancre
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3
Q

How long does primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary syphilis last for?

A

P: (1-3weeks) chancre
S: (6-12weeks) fever, lymphadenopathy, rash
L: (1-10 years) “hidden” stage
T: (10-30 years) damage to internal organs=death

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4
Q

What is the treatment of primary, secondary, early latent syphilis?

A
  1. Benezathine Penicillin G 2.4 million units IM X 1 dose
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5
Q

What is the treatment for late latent syphilis?

A
  1. Benzathine pencillin G 2.4 million units IM X 3 doses at weekly intervals
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6
Q

What causes gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
*gram negative

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7
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

A
  1. Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM X 1 dose
    AND
  2. Doxycycline 100mg PO BID X 7 days (if chlamydia is not excluded)
    *this is weight based
    *>150kg use 1000mg Ceftriaxone
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8
Q

What causes chlamydia?

A
  1. Chlamydia trachomatis
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9
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

A
  1. Doxycycline 100mg by mouth BID X 7 days
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10
Q

What is Trichomoniasis caused by?

A
  1. Protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalsis
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11
Q

What is the treatment for men and women for trichomoniasis

A

W: metronidazole 500 mg PO BID X 7 days
M: Metronidazole 2g PO X 1 dose

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12
Q

What causes herpes?

A

Herpes simplex virus
1. HSV-1 (oral)
2. HSV-2 (genital)

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13
Q

What is the treatment of herpes for the first episode?

A

Antivirals
1. Acyclovir 400mg by mouth TID 7-10 days
OR
2. Valacyclovir 1g PO BID/ 7-10 days

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14
Q

What is the treatment of herpes for recurrent infections?

A
  1. Acyclovir 800mg BID or TID/ 5 days
  2. Valacyclovir 1g PO QD/ 5 days
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15
Q

What is the treatment of herpes for suppressive therapy?

A
  1. Acyclovir 400mg BID
  2. Valacyclovir 500mg/1g QD
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16
Q

What causes genial warts?

17
Q

What is the treatment for genital warts if they’re external? (Self-administered)

A

Self-administered
1. Imiquimod cream
2. Podofilox solution/gel
3. Sinecatechins ointment

18
Q

What is the treatment for genital warts? (Vaginal, urethra, cervical, anal)

A
  1. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
  2. Surgical removal
  3. Trichloroacetic acid
19
Q

What causes bacterial vaginosis

A
  1. Due to the replacement of lactobacillus species with anaerobic bacteria
20
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (anaerobic coverage)

A
  1. Metronidazole 500mg PO BID X 7 days
  2. Metronidazole gel 0.75% 5g once daily/5 days
  3. Clindamycin cream 2% 5g at bedtime/7 days
21
Q

What are the ADE of antivirals?

A
  1. Decrease in ANC (absolute neurotropil count)
  2. Decreased Hgb
  3. Rash
22
Q

What are the ADE of valacyclovir?

A
  1. Increased LFTs
  2. Nasopharyngitis
23
Q

If there is an infection of candidiasis what is the preferred treatment? (Secondary prophylaxis)

A

Fluconazole

24
Q

If there is an infection of Cryptococcal meningitis what is the preferred treatment? (Secondary prophylaxis)

A
  1. Amphotericin B + flucytosine
25
Q

If there is an infection of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) what is the preferred treatment? (Secondary prophylaxis)

A

Valganciclovir or ganciclovir

26
Q

If there is an infection of MAC what is the preferred treatment? (Secondary prophylaxis)

A

Clarithromycin or Azithromycin + ethambutol

27
Q

If there is an infection of PCP what is the preferred treatment? (Secondary prophylaxis)

A

Bactrim +/- prednisone
OR
Methylprednisolone X 21 days

28
Q

If there is an infection of Toxo what is the preferred treatment? (Secondary prophylaxis)

A

Pyrimethamine + Leucovorin + sulfadiazine

29
Q

If there is an infection of Pneumocysitis (PCP) what is the indication of that? (HIV primary prophylaxis)

A

CD4 count <200
OR
oropharyngeal candidiasis
OR
Other AIDS defining illness

30
Q

If there is an infection of Pneumocytis what is the preferred treatment? (HIV Primary Prophylaxis)

A

Bactrim DS/SS daily

31
Q

If there is an infection of Toxoplasma Gondi encephalitis what is the indication? (HIV Primary Prophylaxis)

A

Toxoplasma IgG + with CD4 <100

32
Q

If there is an infection of Toxoplasma Gondi encephalitis what is the preferred treatment? (HIV Primary Prophylaxis)

A

Bactrim DS daily

33
Q

If there is an infection of Mycobacterium Avium complex what is the indication? (HIV Primary Prophylaxis)

A

Not taking ART +CD4 <50

34
Q

If there is an infection of Mycobacterium Avium complex (MAC) what is the preferred treatment? (HIV Primary Prophylaxis)

A

Azithromycin 1200mg weekly

35
Q

What is the treatment for neurosyphilis?

A

Penicillin G 3-4 million units IV q4h X 10-14 days

36
Q

What is the clinical presentation of trichomoniasis?

A
  1. Yellow/green frothy discharge
  2. Soreness
  3. Pain with intercourse

Pharm Spring 2023 (27 decks)

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