Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Spring 2023 > Drug Terminology, Receptors And Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Drug Terminology, Receptors And Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics?

A
  1. Study of biochemical, cellular and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action
    *what a drug does to the human body (how the drug interacts with the patients)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of a drug?

A

A synthetic or natural substance that has a physiologic affect when administered to the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A cellular macromolecule or macromolecule complex with which a drug interacts to elicit a cellular or system response
*The site of action of a drug
*lock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a ligand

A

A substance (usually endogenous) that activates a receptor producing a physiologic response
*key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does drug therapy do to the “lock and key”

A

Drug therapy will attempt to mimic the effects of the ligands or interfere with the effects of the ligand
*drugs are used to help us unlock the door or we use drugs to prevent the door from being unlocked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an agonist?

A
  1. A drug that binds to physiologic receptors and mimics the regulatory effects of the endogenous ligand
    *there will be a biological response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What will happen if there is an increasing concentration of agonists?

A

It will increase the biological response until
*there are no more receptors for the agonist to bind OR
*maximal response has been reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A
  1. Drug that binds to the receptors and mimics the effects of the ligand to a LESSER DEGREE than a true agonist
    *will NOT produce 100% of the biologic response even at high doses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A drug that blocks or reduces the action of an agonist or ligand
*there will be NO biological effect
*antagonist block the effect from happening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the different types of antagonist?

A
  1. Reversible
    *competitive
    *Non-competitive
  2. Irreversible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the def of efficacy and potency

A

E: the maximum response a drug can produce
P: measure of the dose required to produce a response
EX: Drug A produces complete eradication of PVC at dose of 10mg
Drug B produces complete eradication of PCS at dose 20mg

*Both drugs have the same efficacy
*Drug A is more potent than drug B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Affinity?

A

The strength with which the drug binds to the receptor
*If a drug has a low dissociation constant it will have a high affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the drugs affinity determined by

A

The drugs chemical structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of specificity will a drug have if it has a high affinity for a specific receptor only found in a limited number of cells?

A

high specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of specificity will a drug have if it has a high affinity for a specific receptor only found in numerous cells?

A

Low specificity
*drug will have widespread effects, SE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can drug responsiveness change due to?

A
  1. Disease
  2. Age
  3. Pervious drug adminsitration
  4. Genetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are pharmacokinetic interactions?

A

Delivery of a drug to its site of action is altered by a second drug
*EX: metformin interferes with the absorption of B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are pharmacodynamic interactions?

A

Response of the drug target is modified by a second drug
EX: Nitroglycerin and sildenafil together will drastically decrease BP due to a lot of vasodilation

19
Q

What are pharmacogenomic interactions

A

A persons genome alters their ability to absorb, distribute, metabolize and/or eliminate a drug

20
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A
  1. Chemicals synthesized and stored in neurons
  2. They are released from axon terminus into the synaptic cleft in response to action potential
  3. They interact with receptors
  4. The produce physiologic responses in innervated tissue
21
Q

What is the systemic for maintaining homeostasis?

A

ANS
*ANS innervates all organs in the body (except skeletal)
*Movement for things that occur without conscious control

22
Q

What is the autonomic (visceral) reflex?

A

Functional unit of the ANS
1. Afferent fibers from periphery to CNS (sensory)
2. CNS integration
3. Efferent fibers from CNS to periphery

23
Q

What is the Efferent Nerve arrangement?

A
  1. Preganglionic neuron
  2. Ganglion
  3. Postganglionic neuron
  4. Effector organ
    *For smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, vascular endothelium and glands
24
Q

Where do preganglionic axons originate from the PNS

A

In the brain and sacral spinal cord
*Ganglion is often within the effector organ
*fewer postganglionic neurons resulting in discrete responses

25
Q

Where do preganglionic axons originate from the SNS?

A

In the thoracic and lumbar cord
*Ganglion are distant from effector organ
*larger number of postganglionic neurons resulting in widely distributed responses

26
Q

What is does the somatic nervous system innervated?

A

Skeletal muscle
*no peripheral ganglia
*rapid transmission allows for rapid control of motor units
*voluntary movements

27
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the PNS? (Cholinergic)

A

Cholinergic nerves
*Acetylchoine

28
Q

What are the location of acetylcholine (ach)

A
  1. Preganglionic neurons to all ganglia
  2. Postganglionic parasympathic neurons
  3. Preganglionic fibers to adrenal medulla
  4. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons to sweat glands
  5. Somatic motor neurons
29
Q

What is the neurotransmitter of the PNS? (Adrenerigc)

A
  1. Norepinephrine
30
Q

What are the locations of NE

A
  1. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
  2. Also released from adrenal medulla
31
Q

What cells are released from the adrenal medulla?

A
  1. Medullary cells synthesize and release two catecholamines into circulation
    *Epinephrine (80%)
    *Norepinephrine (20%)
32
Q

What are medullary/chromaffin cells also called?

A

Neuroendocrine cells

33
Q

Where are neuroendocrine cells found?

A

Found in the medulla of the adrenal gland

34
Q

What will not be made if there is not enough choline?

A

ACH
*choline is made in the diet

35
Q

What will happen if there is a drug that blocks the affects of ACH?

A

There will be an increase in the amount of ACH and increase the message rate of ACH

36
Q

What will happen if there is a drug that increases the effects of ACHase?

A

There will be a decrease in the amount of ACH and decrease the message of ACH

37
Q

What is alpha 1 receptor function?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
38
Q

What is alpha 2 functions ?

A
  1. Decreased release of NE from sympathetic neurons
39
Q

What is Beta 1 function?

A
  1. Increased heart rate
  2. Increased heart contractility
40
Q

What is beta 2 function?

A
  1. Bronchodilation
41
Q

What is Muscarinic 2 function?

A
  1. Decreased heart relate
  2. Decreased atrial contraction
42
Q

What is muscarinic 3 receptor function?

A
  1. Activates sweat gland
  2. Increases GI motility
  3. Increases bladder contraction
  4. Bronchoconstriction
43
Q

Where are nicotinic n receptors found ?

A
  1. In al autonomic ganglia
44
Q

Where are nictoctinic M receptors found?

A
  1. At neuromuscular junction

Pharm Spring 2023 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions