Stimulants I Flashcards
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Consists of spinal cord and brain
Receives and Processes information from the environment and relays it back to the peripheral nervous system
Somatic branch
Consciously controlled
Movement, respiration, posture
Autonomic branch
Unconsciously controlled
Cardiac action, blood flow, digestion etc
Divided into Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous system
Sympathetic
Thoracic and lumbar positions of the spinal cord
Fight or Flight response
Parasympathetic
Cranial nerves
Sacral portion of the spinal cord
PHARMACOKINETICS
An organism’s normal body systems relate to how rapidly and how long a drug will appear at a target organ
PHARCODYNAMICS
The nature of the drug/target interaction is essential in determining the dose of a specific drug that is to be given
The final effect of a drug is based on:
How much makes it to the target
How the action of the drug at the target leads to an outcome
Interaction of drug with receptor
Agonist or Antagonist (or mixed)
May bind better or worse than endogenous molecule
Drugs may outcome endogenous molecules
Possible outcome of drug/receptor interaction
Activation of neuronal action potentials
Activation of signaling pathways
Choligernic Synapse
Produce and release acetylcholine (ACh)
Receptors: Nicotinic and Muscarinic
Physostigmine
Choligernic Agonist
Treatment for Glaucoma
Calabar Bean
(Choligernic Agonist)
Physostigma venenosum
Native to Western Africa
Manicheel Tree
(Choligernic agonist)
Hippomane mancinella
“Little Apple to Death”
All parts of the tree contains toxins
Native to South America
Galantamine
(Choligernic Agonist)
Treatment for Alzheimers
Alkaloid
Caucasian Snowdrop
Galantamine
Galanthis nivalus
Found across Europe and the middle east
Grown in gardens as an ornamental
Adrenergic Synapse
Produce and release catecholamines
Receptors: Alpha and Beta
Cocaine
(Adrenergic agonist)
Pain killer
Erythroxylon coca
Tropane Alkaloid
Native to South America
Nicolas Monardes
Describes effects on and use of Coca leaves by indigenous people
Friedrich Gaedcke
Isolation of cocaine alkaloid
Richard Willstatter
Synthesis of Cocaine
Ephedrine
(Adrenergic Agonists)
Treatment of low blood pressure, asthma, narcolepsy
Alkaloid
Ma Huang
Ephedra sinica
Native to eastern China
Purinergic Synapse
Release urine nucleotides or nucleosides
Receptors: P1 and P2
