History of Drug Plants

Question 1

Cuneiform writing

Answer 1

Mesopotamia

Question 2

Pen Tsao

Answer 2

Chinese traditional medicine
document listed 365 medicines from plants, animals, minerals

Question 3

Vedas

Answer 3

Sanskrit hymns
Used to pass knowledge and wisdom between generations (2000 BC)
Oldest is the Rig Veda (1500BC) - includes formulas for medicines, herbal use and surgeries

Question 4

Ebers Papyrus

Answer 4

It dates from 1550 BC
Lists 876 herbal formulas using 500 plants
Contains knowledge dating from before 3000 BC

Question 5

Asclepius

Answer 5

Greek God of Medicine
Son of Apollo
Treats the sick with the help from his daughters Hygieia and Panacea

Question 6

Hygeieia

Answer 6

Hygeine

Question 7

Panacea

Answer 7

cure of all

Question 8

Theoprastus

Answer 8

Father of Botany
Student of Plato and Aristotle
Writes: Historia Plantarum: Inquiry into plants
Rejects mysterious practices associated with plant collection

Question 9

Dioscorides

Answer 9

Compiles the De Materia Médica

Question 10

De Materia Medica

Answer 10

Portrays use, properties, cultivation of 600 plants
Recognizes growth and production factors of plant compounds
Refers to uses and preparations of many herbal remedies

Question 11

Galen

Answer 11

Designs “galenicals” : expensive concoctions of herbs and animal parts called “simples”

Question 12

Avicenna

Answer 12

Persian cour physician
Creates ‘Canon of Medicine’
Identifies plants that can be used for analgesia and anesthesia prior to surgery

Question 13

Christopher Columbus

Answer 13

finds allspice and red pepper in the Caribbean

Question 14

Cortes

Answer 14

“discovers” Mexican Aztecs
Brings home chocolate, tobacco and Cinchona

Question 15

Allium sativum

Answer 15

Garlic

Question 16

Allin

Answer 16

stable, odorless derivative of cysteine

Question 17

Allicin

Answer 17

responsible for garlic’s flavor and smell; relatively unstable
activates temperature sensitive ion channels found in sensory neurons

Question 18

Diallyl disulfide

Answer 18

1st compound isolated from garlic in late 1800s
Detoxifying
Antimicrobial

Question 19

Ajoene

Answer 19

Antioxidant
Anti-clotting

Question 20

HISTORICAL MEDICINAL USE OF GARLIC

Answer 20

antibacterial properties
antiseptic
reduced blood pressure
Contributes to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels
Garlic extracts can decrease risk of coronary thrombosis and stroke

Question 21

Compound found in peruvian tree bark

Answer 21

Quinine

Question 22

Quinine

Answer 22

Odorless white powder
Bitter taste
Alkaloid
Interferes with merozoite action
Concentrates in parasite food vacuoles
Prevents polymerization of heme into hemozoin resulting in toxicity to the parasite

Question 23

Artemisia annua

Answer 23

Wormwood

Question 24

Wormwood

Answer 24

Chinese herbal medicine used in fever reduction
Contains a terpene compound called artemisinin
Interacts with heme to form free radicals that kill parasites
90% efficacy rate but difficulty dealing with demand
More effective synthetic versions have been created

Question 25

Nagoya protocol for equitable and fair use of plants

Answer 25

A.) Establishing more predictable conditions for access to genetic resources B.) Helping to ensure benefit-sharing when genetic resources leave the country providing the genetic resources