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Boards And Beyond Psychiatry > Stimulants > Flashcards

Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

Has two key physiologic effects

  1. ) Local anesthetic
  2. ) Inhibits monoamine reuptake
A

Cocaine

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2
Q

Cocaine inhibits monoamine reuptake, meaning it increases levels of

A

Dopamine, serotonin, and NE

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3
Q

Characterized by increased energy, decreased need for sleep, alertness, and euphoria

A

Cocaine intoxication

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4
Q

Cocaine serves as a local anesthetic by blocking

A

Na+ channels

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5
Q

The hallucinations seen in cocaine intoxication are classically tactile. I.e.

A

“There are bugs crawling on my skin”

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6
Q

Cocaine intoxication results in increased muscle activity and central dopamine release, which results in

A

Fever

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7
Q

Cocaine intoxication may mimic psychosis. How can we treat it?

A

Benzodiazepines

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8
Q

Cocaine intoxication causes activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This results in

A

Dilated pupils, tachycardia, and increased BP

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9
Q

Common in cocaine users due to increased O2 demand and decreased O2 supply

A

Cocaine chest pain

-The O2 mismatch causes angina

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10
Q

The increased O2 demand from cocaine use is the result of the

A

Tachycardia and elevated BP

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11
Q

The decreased O2 supply in cocaine users is cue to

A

Coronary vasoconstriction

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12
Q

We can treat the cocaine chest pain with

A

Benzodiazepines

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13
Q

We need to make sure that if chest pain is due to cocaine intoxication, we DO NOT give

A

Beta blockers

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14
Q

Occurs with stopping after chronic, heavy use

  • Usually not life threatening
  • Depression, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating
A

Cocaine Withdrawal

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15
Q

Modified phenethylamines

-Stimulants

A

Amphetamines

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16
Q

Amphetamines are indirect sympathomimetics, meaning they increase synaptic levels of

A

Dopamine and NE

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17
Q

Characterized by hyper-alert state, decreased need for sleep, and sympathetic stimulation

A

Amphetamine intoxication

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18
Q

Amphetamine intoxication rarely causes

A

Seizures

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19
Q

How do we treat amphetamine intoxication?

A

Benzos

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20
Q

An antagonist of adenosine receptors

A

Caffeine

21
Q

Caffeine leads to the release of

A

Dopamine/NE

22
Q

Caffeine causes a renal adenosine blockade, which leads to

A

Diuresis

23
Q

In the chemical stress test, intravenous adenosine is used as a

A

Vasodilator

24
Q

The effects of IV adenosine in a chemical stress test are blocked by

A

Caffeine ( and also theophylline)

25
Q

A CNS stimulant that activates the sympathetic nervous system

-Addictive substance found in tobacco

A

Nicotine

26
Q

Nicotine withdrawal peaks in the

A

First 3 days after cessation

27
Q

Nicotine withdrawal subsides in

A

3-4 weeks

28
Q

The primary barrier of smoking cessation is

A

Nicotine addiction

29
Q

An antidepressant that blocks reuptake of NE and dopamine that can also help with smoking cessation

A

Bupropion

30
Q

Parietal nicotinic receptor agonist

  • limit withdrawal symptoms (as an agonist)
  • blocks nicotine (as an antagonist)
A

Varenicline

31
Q

Antagonist of NMDA receptor in the CNS

-Causes hallucination and psychosis

A

PCP

32
Q

Classically results in psychomotor agitation with agitated, violent behavior

-Stimulant resulting in altered mental status

A

PCP

33
Q

Causes nystagmus, tachycardia, and hypertension

A

PCP

34
Q

Fatalities associated with PCP use are most commonly from

-Due to loss of pain sensation

A

Trauma

35
Q

Can lead to psychosis with loss of pain/sensation

A

PCP

36
Q

What are two ways that we can treat PCP intoxication?

A

Benzodiazepines and haloperidol

37
Q

Hallucinogen that binds serotonin 5-HT2A receptors

-NOT a stimulant (contrast with PCP)

A

LSD

38
Q

Causes a feeling of expanded consciousness

  • Can sense things beyond usual reality
  • “Trip”
A

LSD

39
Q

Hearing colors or seeing sounds

-Common w/ LSD use

A

Synesthesia

40
Q

Feeling disconnected or detached from the body

A

Depersonalization

41
Q

May cause “flashbacks” i.e. return of hallucinogen effects after stopping the drug

A

LSD

42
Q

An amphetamine that is structurally similar to serotonin and increases release of serotonin

A

Ecstasy

43
Q

One of the major things associated with Ecstasy (MDMA) is

A

Bruxism (grinding of teeth)

44
Q

MDMA use can result in tachycardia and hypertension as well as hyperthermia, but most importantly, it can result in

A

Hyponatremia and hepatotoxicity

45
Q

Causes increased fluid intake and secretion of ADH which can result in hyponatremia

A

MDMA

46
Q

What are the three main characteristics of serotonin syndrome?

-The 3 A’s

A

Agitation, Autonomic hyperactivity, and Neuromuscular hyperactivity

47
Q

What is the treatment for serotonin syndrome?

-5-HT antagonist

A

Cyproheptadine

48
Q

Ecstasy withdrawal is a crash after being high on MDMA that is associated with

A

Depression, anxiety, and jaw soreness (from bruxism)

49
Q

Pharmaceutical forms of dronabinol

A

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Boards And Beyond Psychiatry (18 decks)

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