Stimulants

Question 1

Has two key physiologic effects

1. ) Local anesthetic
2. ) Inhibits monoamine reuptake

Answer 1

Cocaine

Question 2

Cocaine inhibits monoamine reuptake, meaning it increases levels of

Answer 2

Dopamine, serotonin, and NE

Question 3

Characterized by increased energy, decreased need for sleep, alertness, and euphoria

Answer 3

Cocaine intoxication

Question 4

Cocaine serves as a local anesthetic by blocking

Answer 4

Na+ channels

Question 5

The hallucinations seen in cocaine intoxication are classically tactile. I.e.

Answer 5

“There are bugs crawling on my skin”

Question 6

Cocaine intoxication results in increased muscle activity and central dopamine release, which results in

Answer 6

Fever

Question 7

Cocaine intoxication may mimic psychosis. How can we treat it?

Answer 7

Benzodiazepines

Question 8

Cocaine intoxication causes activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This results in

Answer 8

Dilated pupils, tachycardia, and increased BP

Question 9

Common in cocaine users due to increased O2 demand and decreased O2 supply

Answer 9

Cocaine chest pain

-The O2 mismatch causes angina

Question 10

The increased O2 demand from cocaine use is the result of the

Answer 10

Tachycardia and elevated BP

Question 11

The decreased O2 supply in cocaine users is cue to

Answer 11

Coronary vasoconstriction

Question 12

We can treat the cocaine chest pain with

Answer 12

Benzodiazepines

Question 13

We need to make sure that if chest pain is due to cocaine intoxication, we DO NOT give

Answer 13

Beta blockers

Question 14

Occurs with stopping after chronic, heavy use

• Usually not life threatening
• Depression, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating

Answer 14

Cocaine Withdrawal

Question 15

Modified phenethylamines

-Stimulants

Answer 15

Amphetamines

Question 16

Amphetamines are indirect sympathomimetics, meaning they increase synaptic levels of

Answer 16

Dopamine and NE

Question 17

Characterized by hyper-alert state, decreased need for sleep, and sympathetic stimulation

Answer 17

Amphetamine intoxication

Question 18

Amphetamine intoxication rarely causes

Answer 18

Seizures

Question 19

How do we treat amphetamine intoxication?

Answer 19

Benzos

Question 20

An antagonist of adenosine receptors

Answer 20

Caffeine

Question 21

Caffeine leads to the release of

Answer 21

Dopamine/NE

Question 22

Caffeine causes a renal adenosine blockade, which leads to

Answer 22

Diuresis

Question 23

In the chemical stress test, intravenous adenosine is used as a

Answer 23

Vasodilator

Question 24

The effects of IV adenosine in a chemical stress test are blocked by

Answer 24

Caffeine ( and also theophylline)

Question 25

A CNS stimulant that activates the sympathetic nervous system -Addictive substance found in tobacco

Answer 25

Nicotine

Question 26

Nicotine withdrawal peaks in the

Answer 26

First 3 days after cessation

Question 27

Nicotine withdrawal subsides in

Answer 27

3-4 weeks

Question 28

The primary barrier of smoking cessation is

Answer 28

Nicotine addiction

Question 29

An antidepressant that blocks reuptake of NE and dopamine that can also help with smoking cessation

Answer 29

Bupropion

Question 30

Parietal nicotinic receptor agonist - limit withdrawal symptoms (as an agonist) - blocks nicotine (as an antagonist)

Answer 30

Varenicline

Question 31

Antagonist of NMDA receptor in the CNS -Causes hallucination and psychosis

Answer 31

PCP

Question 32

Classically results in psychomotor agitation with agitated, violent behavior -Stimulant resulting in altered mental status

Answer 32

PCP

Question 33

Causes nystagmus, tachycardia, and hypertension

Answer 33

PCP

Question 34

Fatalities associated with PCP use are most commonly from -Due to loss of pain sensation

Answer 34

Trauma

Question 35

Can lead to psychosis with loss of pain/sensation

Answer 35

PCP

Question 36

What are two ways that we can treat PCP intoxication?

Answer 36

Benzodiazepines and haloperidol

Question 37

Hallucinogen that binds serotonin 5-HT2A receptors -NOT a stimulant (contrast with PCP)

Answer 37

LSD

Question 38

Causes a feeling of expanded consciousness - Can sense things beyond usual reality - “Trip”

Answer 38

LSD

Question 39

Hearing colors or seeing sounds -Common w/ LSD use

Answer 39

Synesthesia

Question 40

Feeling disconnected or detached from the body

Answer 40

Depersonalization

Question 41

May cause “flashbacks” i.e. return of hallucinogen effects after stopping the drug

Answer 41

LSD

Question 42

An amphetamine that is structurally similar to serotonin and increases release of serotonin

Answer 42

Ecstasy

Question 43

One of the major things associated with Ecstasy (MDMA) is

Answer 43

Bruxism (grinding of teeth)

Question 44

MDMA use can result in tachycardia and hypertension as well as hyperthermia, but most importantly, it can result in

Answer 44

Hyponatremia and hepatotoxicity

Question 45

Causes increased fluid intake and secretion of ADH which can result in hyponatremia

Answer 45

MDMA

Question 46

What are the three main characteristics of serotonin syndrome? -The 3 A’s

Answer 46

Agitation, Autonomic hyperactivity, and Neuromuscular hyperactivity

Question 47

What is the treatment for serotonin syndrome? -5-HT antagonist

Answer 47

Cyproheptadine

Question 48

Ecstasy withdrawal is a crash after being high on MDMA that is associated with

Answer 48

Depression, anxiety, and jaw soreness (from bruxism)

Question 49

Pharmaceutical forms of dronabinol

Answer 49

Synthetic Cannabinoids