Opiods

Question 1

Peptide activators of opioid receptors

Answer 1

Endorphins

Question 2

What are the three families of endorphins?

Answer 2

Endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins

Question 3

Located in the CNS and PNS

-activated by endorphins

Answer 3

Opioid receptors

Question 4

What are the three key subtypes of opioid receptors?

Answer 4

Mu (endorphins), Delta (enkephalins), and Kappa (dynorphins) receptors

Question 5

Coupled to G-proteins where they close Ca2+ channels on presynaptic neurons

Answer 5

Opioid receptors

Question 6

What are the affects of opioid receptor binding on the

1. ) Presynaptic neuron
2. ) Postsynaptic neuron

Answer 6

1. ) Closes Ca2+ channels

2. ) Opens K+ channels

Question 7

Closing of the Ca2+ channels on the presynaptic neuron does what?

Answer 7

Reduces neurotransmitter release

Question 8

Opening of the K+ channels on the postsynaptic neuron has what affect?

Answer 8

Hyperpolarization and reduced signal transmission

Question 9

Decreases activity of neurotransmitters such as glutamate, Ach, norepinephrine, serotonin, and substance P

Answer 9

Opioid receptor binding

Question 10

Activate opioid receptors

Answer 10

Opioid drugs

Question 11

What are the 5 major opioid drugs?

Answer 11

Morphine, hydromorphone, meperidine, fentanyl, and codeine

Question 12

We see heavy drug abuse with the opioid drug

Answer 12

Heroin (diamorphine)

Question 13

The CNS effects of opioids are mediated through the

Answer 13

Mu receptor

Question 14

Causes pain relief, euphoria, and sedation

Answer 14

Opioids

Question 15

What are three other major CNS effects of opioid drugs?

Answer 15

Respiratory depression, cough suppression, and Miosis

Question 16

Which opioid drug does not cause miosis?

Answer 16

Meperidine

Question 17

What are the two peripheral nervous system effects of opioids?

Answer 17

Constipation and skin warmth/flushing

Question 18

Which opioid is used for acute pulmonary edema?

Answer 18

IV morphine

Question 19

Which opioid is used for cough suppression?

Answer 19

Codeine

Question 20

Which opioid is used for treating diarrhea?

Answer 20

Loperamide

Question 21

Which opioid is used to treat shivering?

Answer 21

Meperidine/Demerol

Question 22

Tolerance develops to opioids in which the effects of the drug are lessened over time. What are the only two effects that do not show tolerance to opioids?

Answer 22

Miosis and constipation

Question 23

Most common cause of drug overdose death

Answer 23

Opioids

Question 24

What is the clinical triad of acute opioid intoxication?

Answer 24

Decreased respiratory rate, decreased bowel sounds, and miosis

Question 25

Seizures are commonly seen with acute intoxication from

Answer 25

Tramadol or meperidine

Question 26

Short acting opioid antagonist used to treat overdose

-May cause withdrawal if dose is too high

Answer 26

Naloxone

Question 27

Opioid withdrawal in addicted individuals usually starts

Answer 27

6-12 hours after last dose

Question 28

What are three major symptoms of opioid withdrawal?

Answer 28

Yawning, rhinorrhea/lacrimation, and piloerection

Question 29

A partial agonist with agonist and antagonist effects that is used to treat opioid withdrawal

Answer 29

Buprenorphine

Question 30

A sublingual tablet with a long duration of action

Answer 30

Buprenorphine

Question 31

To prevent abuse, buprenorphine can be combined with

Answer 31

Naloxone

Question 32

Long-acting oral opiate that reduces cravings in an opiate addict and helps with withdrawal

Answer 32

Methadone

Question 33

Long acting opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids if taken

Answer 33

Naltrexone

Question 34

Administered to detoxified patients to prevent relapse

Answer 34

Naltrexone

Question 35

Naltrexone is also used in

Answer 35

Alcohol abuse