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Boards And Beyond Psychiatry > Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of sleep?

A

Non-REM (N1, N2, N3) and REM

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2
Q

When you are awake with your eyes open, your EEG will show low amplitude, high frequency waves called

A

Beta waves

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3
Q

Low amplitude, high frequency waves

A

Beta waves

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4
Q

If you are awake with eyes closed, your EEG will pick up

-Increased amplitude

A

Alpha waves

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5
Q

Considered to be the lightest sleep (easy to wake) and is comprised of theta waves

A

N1

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6
Q

The smallest percentage of sleep time

A

N1

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7
Q

Also made up of theta waves and makes up the largest percentage of sleep time

A

N2

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8
Q

A sudden increase in amplitude of N2 waves

A

K complexes

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9
Q

A sudden increase in frequency in N2 complexes

A

Sleep spindles

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10
Q

The last phase before REM sleep

-Made up of delta waves

A

N3

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11
Q

The deepest sleep, I.e. hardest to wake from

-Where we see sleep walking, sleep talking, and bed wetting

A

N3

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12
Q

Rapid eye movements originating from the PPRF

-Low voltage pattern that often appears saw-toothed

A

REM sleep

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13
Q

During REM sleep we have a loss of

A

Motor tone

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14
Q

Dreaming, nightmares, and penile tumescence occurs during

A

REM sleep

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15
Q

Sleep goes through cycles during the night. One cycle from NREM to REM is about

A

90 minutes

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16
Q

During cycles, the length of REM

A

Increases

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17
Q

During cycles, the length of N3

A

Decreases

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18
Q

N3 and REM sleep % is decreased by

A

Sedative drugs (alcohol, benzos, and barbituates)

19
Q

REM starts quicker after sleep onset with

-Decreased REM sleep latency

A

Depression

20
Q

Has an increase in total REM sleep with a decrease in slow-wave N3 sleep

A

Depression

21
Q

Undesirable physical events and unwanted experiences that occur during sleep

A

Parasomnias

22
Q

Disorders of arousal during sleep

-Occur during non-REM sleep

A

NREM disorders

23
Q

NREM disorders usually occur in

A

N3

24
Q

Sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and sleep-related sting disorders are forms of

A

NREM disorders

25
Q

How can we treat NREM disorders and what is the affect?

A

Benzodiazepines (decrease N3 sleep)

26
Q

Neurological disorder of sleep-wake cycles

  • Sleep during wakefulness
  • Wakefulness during sleep
A

Narcolepsy

27
Q

Narcolepsy causes excessive

A

Daytime sleepiness

28
Q

Caused by decreased neuropeptides in the lateral hypothalamus

A

Narcolepsy

29
Q

What are the two neuropeptides that are decreased in Narcolepsy?

A

Orexin-A (hypocretin-1) and Orexin B (hypocretin-2)

30
Q

Not tired when waking in the morning

-Fall asleep during the day, often at inappropriate times

A

Narcolepsy

31
Q

Sudden loss of muscle tone, usually affecting the face, neck, or knees

A

Cataplexy

32
Q

Muscle weakness that may lead to collapse, but with NO loss of consciousness (contrast w/ syncope)

A

Cataplexy

33
Q

Cataplexy is triggered by

A

Strong emotions

34
Q

Hallucinations usually occur when falling asleep, in other words they are

A

Hypnagogic

35
Q

Hallucinations that occur when awakening are called

A

Hypnopompic

36
Q

Inability to move after awakening for 1-2 minutes

-Caused by REM sleep while awake

A

Sleep paralysis

37
Q

Sleep paralysis may occur concomitantly with

A

Hallucinations

38
Q

When orexin neurons are killed by an autoimmune process, we see

A

Narcolepsy

39
Q

Narcolepsy is strongly associated with

A

HLA DQB1

40
Q

A controlled substance that promotes wakefulness and is used to treat narcolepsy

A

Modafinil

41
Q

Indirect sympathomimetics that increase dopamine and norepinephrine CNS levels

-Used to treat Narcolepsy and ADHD

A

Methylphenidate and amphetamines

42
Q

Salt form of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a GABA analogue

A

Sodium oxybate

43
Q

A CNS depressant that is used to treat narcolepsy with the main benefit of reducing cataplexy

A

Sodium oxybate

44
Q

The illegal version of GHB is the

A

Date rape drug

Boards And Beyond Psychiatry (18 decks)

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