Alcohol And CNS Depressants Flashcards

1
Q

In most states, the legal limit of BAC is

A

80 mg/dL or 0.08 g/L or 8%

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2
Q

What are two alcohol bio markers for liver damage?

-Used to screen for heavy, chronic use

A

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and Aspartate-aminotransferase (AST)

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3
Q

How long after abstinence will GGT remain elevated for?

A

2-6 weeks

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4
Q

How long after onset of abstinence will AST remain elevated?

A

7 days

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5
Q

What are two things we often see with chronic use of alcohol

A

Increased MCV and hypertension

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6
Q

Very high BAC causes

-Can be fatal

A

Respiratory depression

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7
Q

following abrupt cessation, heavy drinkers will experience withdrawal 6-24 hours after last drink. What is a major symptom?

A

Tremors (also anxiety, GI upset)

-Mental status is INTACT

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8
Q

6 to 48 hours after the last drink, we can see

-Occur in clusters of two or three

A

Alcohol seizures

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9
Q

Also during alcohol withdrawal, around 12-48 hours after last drink, patients may have

-Often animals or insects

A

Alcohol hallucinations

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10
Q

Occurs 72 and 96 hours after last drink

  • Most severe withdrawal manifestation
  • 20% mortality
A

Delirium Tremens

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11
Q

Characterized by delirium, markedly altered mental status, and autonomic hyperactivity

A

Delirium Tremens

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12
Q

Patients with delirium tremens may die from

A

Hyperthermia, arrhythmia, and fluid/electrolyte abnormalities

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13
Q

Treatment for alcohol withdrawal

-Improves agitation and prevents progression

A

Benzodiazepines

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14
Q

What are the three FDA approved drugs for alcoholism?

-reduce risk of relapse

A

Disulfiram, Naltrexone, and Acamprosate

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15
Q

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, which causes the accumulation of acetaldehyde

A

Disulfiram

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16
Q

Triggers catecholamine release and provides a negative response to drinking with sweating, flushing, palpitations, nausea, and vomiting

A

Disulfram

17
Q

Long acting opioid antagonist that is given orally to prevent relapse

A

Naltrexone

18
Q

Modulates NMDA receptors so that alcohol consumption will disrupt CNS equilibrium

A

Acamprosate

19
Q

A common side effect of Acamprosate (15%) is

A

Diarrhea

20
Q

Anti-seizure GABA activator with a narrow therapeutic index

-Has been largely replaced by Benzodiazepines

A

Barbituates

21
Q

Barbituates are dangerous if used together with

A

Alcohol

22
Q

An overdose of barbituates causes

A

Respiratory Depression

23
Q

Heavy users of barbituates must be weaned. Abrupt withdrawal causes

A

Delirium, hallucinations, and seizures

24
Q

CNS depression with normal vitals is a classic sign of overdose on

A

Benzodiazepines

25
Q

Leads to altered mental status, slurred speech, and ataxia

A

Benzodiazepines overdose

26
Q

Antagonist of benzodiazepine receptor that is used to treat benzo overdose

A

Flumazenil

27
Q

Flumazenil may cause

A

Withdrawal seizures

28
Q

Benzodiazepines withdrawal can cause tremors, anxiety, depressed mood, and

-Can be life threatening

A

Seizures

29
Q

The treatment for Benzodiazepine withdrawal is

A

Benzos