Alcohol And CNS Depressants Flashcards
In most states, the legal limit of BAC is
80 mg/dL or 0.08 g/L or 8%
What are two alcohol bio markers for liver damage?
-Used to screen for heavy, chronic use
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and Aspartate-aminotransferase (AST)
How long after abstinence will GGT remain elevated for?
2-6 weeks
How long after onset of abstinence will AST remain elevated?
7 days
What are two things we often see with chronic use of alcohol
Increased MCV and hypertension
Very high BAC causes
-Can be fatal
Respiratory depression
following abrupt cessation, heavy drinkers will experience withdrawal 6-24 hours after last drink. What is a major symptom?
Tremors (also anxiety, GI upset)
-Mental status is INTACT
6 to 48 hours after the last drink, we can see
-Occur in clusters of two or three
Alcohol seizures
Also during alcohol withdrawal, around 12-48 hours after last drink, patients may have
-Often animals or insects
Alcohol hallucinations
Occurs 72 and 96 hours after last drink
- Most severe withdrawal manifestation
- 20% mortality
Delirium Tremens
Characterized by delirium, markedly altered mental status, and autonomic hyperactivity
Delirium Tremens
Patients with delirium tremens may die from
Hyperthermia, arrhythmia, and fluid/electrolyte abnormalities
Treatment for alcohol withdrawal
-Improves agitation and prevents progression
Benzodiazepines
What are the three FDA approved drugs for alcoholism?
-reduce risk of relapse
Disulfiram, Naltrexone, and Acamprosate
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, which causes the accumulation of acetaldehyde
Disulfiram