STI's Flashcards
what pathogen causes gonorrhoea?
neisseria gonorrhoeae
what pathogen causes chancroid?
haemophilus ducreyi
what pathogen causes syphyllis ?
treponema pallidum
what pathogen is responsible for genital warts?
human papilloma virus types 6 & 11
what pathogen is responsible for causing scabies?
sarcoptes scabeii
what pathogen is responsible for causing pubic lice?
pthirus pubis
what sort of questions would you ask in sexual history of a patient that presents with suspected STI?
when did you last have sexual contact? casual contact or regular partner? were they male or female? ask aboutt nature of the sex did you use condoms? did you use any other contraception? nationality of contact
what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in males and females?
males: 10% asymptomatic
thick, profuse hello discharge & dysuria
females: 50% asymptomatic
vaginal discharge, dysuria, intermenstrual or pot coital bleeding
what are the complications of gonorrhoea in males and females?
males: epididymitis
females: pelvic inflammatory disease
both: acute mono arthritis in elbows and shoulder. disseminated gonococcal infection.
how is gonorrhoea investigated/diagnosed?
nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) on urine or swab
gram stained smear from urethra/cervix/rectum in symptomatic patients
what is the treatment for gonorrhoea?
ceftriaxone 1g intramuscular (im)
what pathogen causes chlamydia?
chlamydia trachomatis
what is the presentation of chlamydia in males and females?
males: > 70% asymptomatic
slight watery discharge, dysuria
females: >80% asymptomatic
vaginal discharge, dysuria, intermenstrual bleeding/post-coital bleeding
both: conjunctivitis
what are the complications of chlamydia in males and females?
males: epididymitis
females: pelvic inflammatory disease
both: reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome - urethritis/cervicitis + conjunctivitis + arthritis
how is chlamydia diagnosed?
nucleic acid amplification test:
first void urine in males
or swab from cervix, urethra, rectum
how is chlamydia treated?
doxycycline
azithromycin
what is the presentation herpes virus in males and females?
80% no symptoms burning/itching - blistering - tender ulceration tender inguinal lymphadenopathy flu like symptoms dysuria neuralgic pain in back, pelvis and legs
what are the complications from herpes infection?
autonomic neuropathy
neonatal infection
secondary infection
how is herpes virus diagnosed?
swab from infected site - PCR
what is the treatment for primary outbreak of herpes virus?
acyclovir
what is trichomoniasis caused by?
trichomonas vaginalis
what are the symptoms of trichomiasis?
men - asymptomatic
females - 10-30% asymptomatic
- profuse discharge: greenish, frothy and foul smelling
- vulvitis
what are the complications of trichomoniasis?
miscarriage
pre term labour
how is trichomoniasis diagnosed?
PCR on vaginal swab
how is trichomoniasis treated ?
metronidazole
how is anogenital warts diagnosed?
ecamination
biopsy if unsual to exclude intraepithelial neoplasia
what is the treatment for anogenital warts?
podophyllotoxin
imiquimod
cryotherapy
what are the complications of syphyllis?
neurosyphyllis - CN palsies, cardiac or aortal involvement
how is syphyllis diagnosed?
PCR
serology for treponema IgE
how is syphillis treated?
penicillin
or
doxycycline
a patient presents with burning and itching of the genital area which has developed into a blister. they also feel generally unwell. they mention they have had unprotected sex.
what do you suspect?
what investigation would you carry out?
what treatment would you give?
herpes simplex virus
PCR
aciclovir
a patient presents with vaginal discharge, dysuria and conjunctivitis. they mention they have had unprotected sex.
what do you suspect?
what investigation would you carry out?
what treatment would you give?
chlamydia
NAAT, gram stain of vaginal swab
doxycycline or azithromycin
a male patient presents with thick green discharge from his penis and dysuria. he mentions he has had unprotected sex.
what do you suspect?
what investigation would you carry out?
what treatment would you give?
gonorrhoea
NAAT
1g im ceftriaxone
a female patient presents with green, very smelly vaginal discharge. she mentions she has had unprotected sex.
on examination you suspect she has vulvitis.
what is the diagnosis?
what investigation would you carry out?
what treatment would you give?
trichomonas vaginalis
PCR of vaginal swab
metronidazole
a female patient presents with grey, fishy smelling discharge and itchy genitals.
what do you suspect?
what investigation would you carry out?
what treatment would you give?
bacterial vaginosis
clinical examination, gram stain
metronidazole or clindamycin
a female patient presents with itchiness and white, thick discharge she describes as cottage cheese like. she has no other symptoms.
what do you suspect?
what investigations would you carry out?
what treatment would you give?
vulvovaginalis candidosis (thrush)
clinical examination, gram stain, culture
fluconazole or metronidazole
what bacterial infection is epididymitis often associated with/ the cause of?
bacterial orchitis caused by STI
what is orchitis?
inflammation of one or both of the testes due to bacterial or viral infection
usually due to or associated with epididymitis, most commonly as a result of an STI
