Contraception Flashcards
what are the different options of the combined hormonal contraception?
the pill
the coil
the patch
what are the non-contraceptive benefits from the combined hormonal contraception?
helps acne
help hirutism
stops ovulation therefore reduce/stop premenstrual syndrome
50% decrease in ovarian and endometrial cancer
decrease in functional ovarian cysts
decrease in benign breast tissue, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer
what are the side effects from the combined hormonal contraception?
nausea
headache
breast tenderness
irregular bleeding in first 3 months
how does the combined hormonal contraception work?
1 progestogen pill (synthetic progestogen)
1 oestrogen pill (ethinyl estradiol)
causes an increase in oestrogen and progesterone which triggers positive feedback to stop hypothalamus from releasing GnRH and therefore FSH and LH
what are the 2 main types of intrauterine devices for contraception?
copper intrauterine device
levonorgestrel intrauterine device (progestogen)
what are the side effects of progestogen only pill?
increase in appetite hair loss/gain mood change acne bloating headache
what are the contraindications for progestogen only pill?
it is oestrogen free therefore little contraindications
- liver tumour
- previous personal history of breast cancer
when should you start contraception?
if started first 5 days of the cycle then it will work immedietly
if started on other days of cycle then have to use other protection as well i.e. condoms
after delivery when can you get pregnant again?
within 21 days
can you get pregnant while breast feeding?
lactation acts as contraceptive for the first 6 months and if feeding for 4 hours and amenorrhoeic
name 3 emergency contraceptives and when they should be taken.
levonorgestrel pill - within 72 hours (3 days)
ullipristal pill - within 120 hours (5 days)
copper IUD - within 120 hours (5 days)
what are the side effects from progestogen injection?
delay in return to fertility (9 months)
bone density
weight gain
what type of contraceptive is the rod?
progestogen only implant
when can sex cause pregnancy?
you ovulate 2 weeks before period
egg survives 24 hours
sperm survives less than 4 days
usually highest chance of pregnancy is days 8-19
what is a salpingectomy?
removal of fallopian tubes
what is the name of the surgery which removes the fallopian tubes?
salpingectomy
what effect does female sterillization have on periods?
no effect on periods/bleeding
what is the risk of testicular and prostate cancer with a vasectomy?
no risk
what medications are given for a medical termination of pregnancy?
mifepristone (oral anti progesterone tablet)
misoprolol (initiates uterine contractions)
how is male vasectomy carried out?
vas deferens are separated and small ends are cauterised
irreversible as auto-sperm antibodies form so even if vas deferent were reconnected sperm wouldn’t be produced
if someone has had unprotected sex, what sit testing can be offered and when?
vaginal swab:
- chlamydia and gonorrhoea 10 days after
blood test:
- HIV and syphyllis 2 months after
if high risk of BBV:
- hep B and C 2 and 6 months after
give examples of non-hormonal contraception methods.
male condoms
female condom
diaphragm/cap
copper intrauterine device
what are the different methods of progestogen only contraception?
pill
injection
implant
IUS - Mirena
what are the 2 types of abortion in the UK?
medical - mifepristone and misoprostol
surgical
when would you perform a surgical and medical abortion?
medical - up to 20 weeks
surgical 20-24 weeks
what guidelines have to be assessed when prescribing contraception to an under 16 year old?
fraser guidlines - NSPCC website
child protection risk
when can surgical termination be carried out?
locally - up to 12 weeks
refer to other - 12-24 weeks
when can medical termination be carried out?
up to 20 weeks locally
if a patient requests emergency contraception but she has already had in this cycle, what are her options?
if LNG - don’t use ullipristal within next 7 days
if Ullipristal - don’t use LNG within next 5 days
